pravoПравоприменениеLaw Enforcement Review2542-15142658-4050Dostoevsky Omsk State University10.52468/2542-1514.2025.9(2).148-158pravo-1096Research ArticleПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В ЧАСТНОМ ПРАВЕTHE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN PRIVATE LAWАктуальность внедрения цифрового профиля работника как элемента кадровой политики работодателяThe relevance of implementing the employee digital profile as an element of the employer’s HR policyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-257XЩербаковаО. В.ShcherbakovaO. V.

Щербакова Олеся Васильевна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры трудового права 

620137, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Комсомольская, 21

ResearcherID: AAS-1653-2020 

AuthorID: 974365 

Olesya V. Shcherbakova – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Labor Law

21, Komsomol’skaya ul., Yekaterinburg, 620137

ResearcherID: AAS-1653-2020

AuthorID: 974365 

sm-light@yandex.ruУральский государственный юридический университет имени В.Ф. ЯковлеваРоссияUral State Law University named after V.F. YakovlevRussian Federation20252506202592148158Copyright © Щербакова О.В., 20252025Щербакова О.В.Shcherbakova O.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1096

Исследование внедрения программ цифрового профиля работника проводится с позиций Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ, а также угрозы массового сокращения рабочих мест в условиях цифровой трансформации промышленности. Программы могут анализировать профили социальных сетей работников, выявляя их навыки, предпочтения и способности к освоению новых компетенций, а затем предлагать работодателю индивидуальные образовательные траектории работников без высвобождения рабочей силы. Отмечается, что использование программ в сегодняшнем виде как аналогов западных разработок без интеграции в национальное законодательство может не только принести пользу работодателю, но и нарушить гарантии прав работников, что недопустимо в условиях необходимой социальной стабильности и деглобализации современного общества. Игнорирование проблемы отсутствия разработанной на нормативном уровне методики функционирования информационных систем у конкретного работодателя может привести к негативным последствиям в области распространения персональных данных. 

The subject

The subject. Economic, technological and geopolitical changes are leading to the digitalization of virtually all structures of the labor market: from the process of production and human resources management to the organization of the workplace. The use of new digital technologies makes it possible to give up routine human labor, contribute to improving the quality of working life of employees and employers, and increase industrial production, which means economic growth of the state. Thus, in accordance with the National Security Strategy, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2021 No. 400, the situation in the production industry is one of the key criteria of Russia's competitiveness and contributes to the strengthening of the state's defense capability. Ensuring Russia's independence  and competitiveness was also announced to be the main goal of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree No. 642 dated December 1, 2016. On the other hand, the use of new technologies may have time-delayed risks. The most important risk today is the increasing release of labor force and mass cuts of jobs requiring average qualifications, as well as dismissal of employees due to failure to pass tests because of the lack of skills in digital tools.

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the urgent character of the implementation of digital profile programs as a part of the employer's personnel policy to achieve the objectives set in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation dated 2021.

The methodology of comprehensive research, including methods of document analysis, comparative analysis, secondary use of sociological and economic data were used.

Main results

Main results. The study shows that the use of the employee digital profile programs will allow the employer to identify weaknesses in any of the employee’s skills well in advance, and to pave individual learning pathway, based on his/her preferences, hobbies  and intentions, in order to upgrade the skills. It is deemed that the competence of employees is a factor for transfer of any business to digitalization. This policy of the employer will allow to cover for low-quality job cut and give personnel the minimum knowledge that makes it possible to acquire information on modern information technologies, be able to use it to solve the set problems and have necessary skills and technology, which will facilitate solution of the problems. Ultimately, these are tools to achieve the tasks set by the state in the framework of the state's defensive capability and competitiveness. At the same time, the lack of normative methodologies for the creation and operation of employee digital profiles and comprehensive scientific research predetermine increasing risks of violation of personal data of employees, privacy of employees, as well as discrimination in making legally significant decisions. Today there are no normative standards of data processing and system interaction, which leads to the diminution of guarantees of employees' rights in terms of respect for personal data and other data in terms of classified information.

Цифровой профильметакомпетенцииуправление персоналомцифровизацияперсональные данные работниковчастная жизнь работниковDigital profilemeta-competenciespersonnel managementdigitalizationpersonal data of employeesprivate life of employeesReferencesСерова А. В. Внедрение цифровых технологий в практику взаимодействия субъектов отношений по трудоустройству у данного работодателя / А. В. Серова // Электронное приложение к «Российскому юридическому журналу». – 2019. – № 5. – С. 65–71.Serova A. Introduction of digital technologies in the interaction of subjects of employment relations with a given employer. Elektronnoe prilozhenie k «Rossiiskomu yuridicheskomu zhurnalu» = Electronic supplement to "Russian Juridical Journal", 2019, no. 5, pp. 65–71 (In Russ.).Щербакова О. В. Использование программ искусственного интеллекта при найме работников / О. В. Щербакова // Электронное приложение к «Российскому юридическому журналу». – 2021. – № 3. – С. 72– 76.Shcherbakova O. The use of artificial intelligence programs when recruiting employees. Elektronnoe prilozhenie k «Rossiiskomu yuridicheskomu zhurnalu» = Electronic supplement to "Russian Juridical Journal", 2021, no. 3, pp. 72–76. (In Russ.).Головина С. Ю. Электронный кадровый документооборот: от правового эксперимента к практике / С. Ю. Головина, Л. В. Зайцева // Правоприменение. – 2022. – Т. 6, № 2. – С. 241–256. – DOI: 10.52468/25421514.2022.6(2).241-256.Golovina S.Yu., Zaytseva L.V. Electronic personnel document management: from legal experiment to practice. Pravoprimenenie = Law Enforcement Review, 2022, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 241–256. DOI: 10.52468/25421514.2022.6(2).241-256.Головина С. Ю. Новая эра в охране труда работников: безопасная и здоровая среда как одна из целей устойчивого развития / С. Ю. Головина, О. В. Щербакова // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. – 2022. – Т. 62, № 5. – С. 344–352. – DOI: 10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-5-344-352.Golovina S.Yu., Shcherbakova O.V. A new era in the labor protection of workers: safe and healthy environment as one of the goals of sustainable development. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya = Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, 2022, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 344–352. DOI: 10.31089/1026-9428-202262-5-344-352. (In Russ.).Saleem F. Technostress, Quality of Work Life, and Job Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model / F. Saleem, M. I. Malik // Behavioral Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 13, iss. 12. – Art. 1014. – DOI: 10.3390/bs13121014.Saleem F., Malik M.I. Technostress, Quality of Work Life, and Job Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, iss. 12, art. 1014. DOI: 10.3390/bs13121014.Дохолян С. В. Трансформация социально-трудовых отношений под влиянием цифровизации экономики / С. В. Дохолян // Народонаселение. – 2023. – Т. 26, № 4. – С. 123–132. – DOI: 10.19181/population.2023. 26.4.11.Dokholyan S.V. Transformation of social-labor relations under the influence of digitalization of the economy. Narodonaselenie = Population, 2023, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 123–132. DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.4.11. (In Russ.).Избиенова Т. А. Мониторинг социальных сетей работника: частная жизнь или работа? / Т. А. Избиенова // Кадровик. – 2023. – № 11. – С. 64–71.Izbienova T.A. Monitoring of social networks of an employee: private life or work. Kadrovik = HR Manager, 2023, no. 11, pp. 64–71. (In Russ.).Шуралева С. В. Право дистанционного работника на неприкосновенность частной жизни / С. В. Шуралева // Трудовое право в России и за рубежом. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 32–34.Shuraleva S.V. The right to privacy of a remote employee. Trudovoe pravo v Rossii i za rubezhom = Labor law in Russia and abroad, 2021, no. 4, pp. 32–34. (In Russ.).Riaz M. Enhancing Workplace Safety: PPE_Swin—A Robust Swin Transformer Approach for Automated Personal Protective Equipment Detection / M. Riaz, J. He, K. Xie, H. S. Alsagri, S. A. Moqurrab, H. A. A. Alhakbani, W. J. Obidallah // Electronics. – 2023. – Vol. 12, iss. 22. – Art. 4675. – DOI: 10.3390/electronics12224675.Riaz M., He J., Xie K., Alsagri H.S., Moqurrab S.A., Alhakbani H.A.A., Obidallah W.J. Enhancing Workplace Safety: PPE_Swin—A Robust Swin Transformer Approach for Automated Personal Protective Equipment Detection. Electronics, 2023, vol. 12, iss. 22, art. 4675. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12224675.Joia L. A. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Digital Transformation of Workplace: The Social Representation of Home-Office / L. A. Joia, L. F. Leonardo // Sustainability. – 2023. – Vol. 15, iss. 20. – Art. 14987. – DOI: 10.3390/su152014987.Joia L.A., Leonardo L.F. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Digital Transformation of Workplace: The Social Representation of Home-Office. Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, iss. 20, art. 14987. DOI: 10.3390/su152014987.Consiglio C. Techno-Stress Creators, Burnout and Psychological Health among Remote Workers during the Pandemic: The Moderating Role of E-Work Self-Efficacy / C. Consiglio, N. Massa, V. Sommovigo, L. Fusco // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. – 2023. – Vol. 20, iss. 22. – Art. 7051. – DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227051.Consiglio C., Massa N., Sommovigo V., Fusco L. Techno-Stress Creators, Burnout and Psychological Health among Remote Workers during the Pandemic: The Moderating Role of E-Work Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, vol. 20, iss. 22, art. 7051. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227051.Rey-Merchán M. del C. Management of Technostress in Teachers as Occupational Risk in the Context of COVID-19 / M. del C. Rey-Merchán, A. López-Arquillos // Medical Sciences Forum. – 2021. – Vol. 4, iss. 1. – Art. 5. – DOI: 10.3390/ECERPH-3-08999.Rey-Merchán M. del C., López-Arquillos A. Management of Technostress in Teachers as Occupational Risk in the Context of COVID-19. Medical Sciences Forum, 2021, vol. 4, iss. 1, art. 5. DOI: 10.3390/ECERPH-3-08999.Компетенции в цифровой экономике: современный кадровый вызов : моногр. / Д. А. Андреев, И. В. Андреянова, И. В. Булгакова, М. В. Васильева, С. Е. Демидова, Т. Н. Дорошенко, О. Е. Калпинская, Е. А. Макарова, Л. В. Мотайленко, Е. Н. Наумова, О. С. Петрова, А. Ю. Рожкова, О. А. Серова, О. А. Соболева, Л. М. Шляхтова. – М. : РУСАЙНС, 2020. – 216 с.Andreev D.A., Andreyanova I.V., Bulgakova I.V., Vasil'eva M.V., Demidova S.E., Doroshenko T.N., Kalpinskaya O.E., Makarova E.A., Motailenko L.V., Naumova E.N., Petrova O.S., Rozhkova A.YU., Serova O.A., Soboleva O.A., Shlyakhtova L.M. Competencies in the digital economy: modern personnel challenge, Monograph. Moscow, RUSAINS Publ., 2020. 216 p. (In Russ.).Томашевский К. Л. Цифровизация и ее влияние на рынок труда и трудовые отношения (теоретический и сравнительно-правовой аспекты) / К. Л. Томашевский // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. – 2020. – Т. 11, вып. 2. – C. 398–413. – DOI: 10.21638/spbu14.2020.210.Tomashevski K.L. Digitalization and its impact on the labour market and employment relations (theoretical and comparative legal aspects). Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 2020, vol. 11, iss. 2, pp. 398–413. DOI: 10.21638/spbu14.2020.210. (In Russ.).Arntz M. The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis / M. Arntz, T. Gregory, U. Zierahn. – Paris : OECD Publishing, 2016. – 34 p. – (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers; No. 189). – DOI: 10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en.Arntz M., Gregory T., Zierahn U. The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers; No. 189. Paris, OECD Publ., 2016. 34 p. DOI: 10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en.OECD Skills Studies OECD Skills Strategy Lithuania: Assessment and Recommendations / OECD. – Paris : OECD, 2021. – 260 p. – DOI: 10.1787/14deb088-en.OECD. OECD Skills Studies OECD Skills Strategy Lithuania: Assessment and Recommendations. Paris, OECD Publ., 2021. 260 p. DOI: 10.1787/14deb088-en.Bacher J. The Corona Generation: (Not) Finding Employment during the Pandemic / J. Bacher, D. Tamesberger // CESifo Forum. – 2021. – Vol. 22, No. 4. – P. 3–7.Bacher J., Tamesberger D. The Corona Generation: (Not) Finding Employment during the Pandemic. CESifo Forum, 2021, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 3–7.Lukauskas M. Enhancing Skills Demand Understanding through Job Ad Segmentation Using NLP and Clustering Techniques / M. Lukauskas, V. Šarkauskaitė, V. Pilinkienė, A. Stundžienė, A. Grybauskas, J. Bruneckienė // Applied Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 13, iss. 10. – Art. 6119. – DOI: 10.3390/app13106119.Lukauskas M., Šarkauskaitė V., Pilinkienė V., Stundžienė A., Grybauskas A., Bruneckienė J. Enhancing Skills Demand Understanding through Job Ad Segmentation Using NLP and Clustering Techniques. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, iss. 10, art. 6119. DOI: 10.3390/app13106119.Skills for the Future of Manufacturing : 2019 World Manufacturing Forum Report / World Manufacturing Forum. – 2019. – 107 p. – URL: https://c00e521c-fc35-464f-8eef-9356e02fbfb5.filesusr.com/ugd/c56fe3_d617f7333fd347b0b2bb4a739ba72993.pdf (дата обращения: 03.12.2023).World Manufacturing Forum. Skills for the Future of Manufacturing, 2019 World Manufacturing Forum Report. 2019. 107 p. Available at: https://c00e521c-fc35-464f-8eef-9356e02fbfb5.filesusr.com/ugd/c56fe3_d617f7333fd347b0b2bb4a739ba72993.pdf (accessed: December 3, 2023).Enkel E. Open innovation maturity framework / E. Enkel, J. Bell, H. Hogenkamp // International Journal of Innovation Management. – 2011. – Vol. 15. – P. 1161–1189.Enkel E., Bell J., Hogenkamp H. Open innovation maturity framework. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2011, vol. 15, pp. 1161–1189.Vanhaverbeke W. Theories of the Firm and Open Innovation / W. Vanhaverbeke, M. Cloodt // New Frontiers in Open Innovation / eds. H. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke, J. West. – Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2014. – P. 256–278. – DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682461.003.0014.Vanhaverbeke W., Cloodt M. Theories of the Firm and Open Innovation, in: Chesbrough H., Vanhaverbeke W., West J. (eds.). New Frontiers in Open Innovation, Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 256–278. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682461.003.0014.Nielsen P. Work policy and automation in the fourth industrial revolution / P. Nielsen, J. R. Holm, E. Lorenz // Globalisation, New and Emerging Technologies, and Sustainable Development: The Danish Innovation System in Transition / eds. J. L. Christensen, B. Gregersen, J. R. Holm, E. Lorenz. – Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2020. – P. 189– 207. – DOI: 10.4324/9781003037750-14.Nielsen P., Holm J.R., Lorenz E. Work policy and automation in the fourth industrial revolution, in: Christensen J.L., Gregersen B., Holm J.R., Lorenz E. (eds.). Globalisation, New and Emerging Technologies, and Sustainable Development: The Danish Innovation System in Transition, Abingdon, UK, Routledge Publ., 2020, pp. 189–207. DOI: 10.4324/9781003037750-14.Lloyd C. Rethinking country effects: Robotics, AI and work futures in Norway and the UK / C. Lloyd, J. Payne // New Technology, Work and Employment. – 2019. – Vol. 34, iss. 3. – P. 208–225. – DOI: 10.1111/ntwe.12149.Lloyd C., Payne J. Rethinking country effects: Robotics, AI and work futures in Norway and the UK. New Technology, Work and Employment, 2019, vol. 34, iss. 3, pp. 208–225. DOI: 10.1111/ntwe.12149.Frey C. B. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? / C. B. Frey, M. A. Osborne // Technological Forecasting and Social Change. – 2017. – Vol. 114. – P. 254–280. – DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.Frey C.B., Osborne M.A. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017, vol. 114, pp. 254–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.Nedelkoska L. Automation, skills use and training / L. Nedelkoska, G. Quintini. – Paris : OECD, 2018. – 124 p. – (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers; No. 202). – DOI: 10.1787/2e2f4eea-en.Nedelkoska L., Quintini G. Automation, skills use and training, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers; No. 202. Paris, OECD Publ., 2018. 124 p. DOI: 10.1787/2e2f4eea-en.Рожкова А. Ю. Правовой статус работника: цифровой профиль и цифровые доходы / А. Ю. Рожкова // Юридический вестник Дагестанского государственного университета. – 2021. – Т. 38, № 2. – С. 99–107. – DOI: 10.21779/2224-0241-2021-38-2-99-107.Rozhkova A.Yu. Legal status of an employee: digital profile and digital income. Yuridicheskii Vestnik Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Law herald of Dagestan state university, 2021, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99– 107. DOI: 10.21779/2224-0241-2021-38-2-99-107. (In Russ.).Nureni A. A. Digital Twin Technology: A Review of Its Applications and Prominent Challenges / A. A. Nureni, O. A. Oghenerunor // Covenant Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology. – 2022. – Vol. 10, No. 2. – URL: https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjict/article/view/2995.Nureni A.A., Oghenerunor O.A. Digital Twin Technology: A Review of Its Applications and Prominent Challenges. Covenant Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology, 2022, vol. 10, no. 2, available at: https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjict/article/view/2995.Barykin S. Personnel Management Digital Model Based on the Social Profiles’ Analysis / S. Barykin, O. Kalinina, I. Aleksandrov, E. Konnikov, V. Yadikin, M. Draganov // Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. – 2020. – Vol. 6, iss. 4. – Art. 152. – DOI: 10.3390/joitmc6040152.Barykin S., Kalinina O., Aleksandrov I., Konnikov E., Yadikin V., Draganov M. Personnel Management Digital Model Based on the Social Profiles’ Analysis. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2020, vol. 6, iss. 4, art. 152. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc6040152.Тренина М. А. Разработка модели HR-менеджмента на основе цифрового профиля сотрудника / М. А. Тренина // Информационные технологии в моделировании и управлении: подходы, методы, решения : материалы VI Всерос. науч. конф. с междунар. участием. – Тольятти, 2023. – С. 263–270.Trenina M.A. Development of an HR management model based on an employee’s digital profile, in: Informatsionnye tekhnologii v modelirovanii i upravlenii: podkhody, metody, resheniya, Proceedings of the VI All-Russian scientific conference with international participation, Tolyatti, 2023, pp. 263–270. (In Russ.).Трунин Г. А. Цифровые двойники профилей сотрудников ФТС как элемент системы развития персонала / Г. А. Трунин // Таможенное дело. – 2023. – № 3. – С. 28–31.Trunin G.A. Digital twins of the profiles of employees of the Federal Customs Service as a personnel development system element. Tamozhennoe delo = Customs affairs, 2023, no. 3, pp. 28–31. (In Russ.).Тобиен М. А. Цифровой профиль как ключевой элемент информационной инфраструктуры цифровой экономики / М. А. Тобиен, М. М. Мархайчук, О. А. Косарева // Проблемы теории и практики управления. – 2021. – № 11. – С. 177–192.Tobien M.A., Markhaichuk M.M., Kosareva O.A. Digital profile as an essential element of the information infrastructure of the digital economy. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniya, 2021, no. 11, pp. 177–192. (In Russ.).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.