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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2025.9(3).144-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-1135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО СЛЕДСТВИЯ И ДОЗНАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE BODIES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AND INQUIRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Искусственный интеллект в системе здравоохранения: пределы уголовной ответственности врачей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artificial intelligence in healthcare: limits of criminal liability of doctors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шутова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shutova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альбина Александровна Шутова, кандидат юридических наук, старший научный сотрудник, доцент</p><p>Научно-исследовательский институт цифровых технологий и права; кафедра уголовного права и процесса</p><p>420111; ул. Московская, 42; Казань</p><p>AuthorID: 835100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina A. Shutova, hD in Law; Senior Researcher, Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of Digital Technologies and Law; Department of Criminal Law and Procedure</p><p>420111; 42, Moskovskaya ul.; Kazan</p><p>AuthorID: 835100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shutova1993@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский инновационный университет имени В.Г. Тимирясова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Innovation University named after V.G. Timiryasov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шутова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шутова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shutova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1135">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1135</self-uri><abstract><p>   Рассмотрены вопросы персональной ответственности врача при принятии решений о диагностике, лечении и назначении лекарственных средств на основании сформулированного предложения (решения) алгоритма искусственного интеллекта. Представлен обзор системы правового регулирования ответственности медицинских работников, а также проведена оценка возможных вариантов распределения уголовной ответственности в связи с внедрением искусственного интеллекта в работу врачей в будущем. Предложены возможные направления по совершенствованию законодательства, связанного с оказанием медицинской помощи с использованием интеллектуальных систем. Проанализированы тенденции распределения ответственности за причинение вреда при оказании медицинской помощи, что позволило выработать возможные варианты распределения ответственности между медицинской организацией и врачом в будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Artificial intelligence technologies are changing the medical care provision, which corresponds to a new healthcare paradigm.</p><p>   The subject of the study is regulatory legal acts, including subordinate (departmental) ones, acts of technical regulation, statistical data, doctrinal provisions, and Internet resources on the problems under investigation and crimes committed by medical professionals.</p><p>   The purpose of the article is to form a conceptual legal framework for the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare.</p><p>   This includes defining the limits of liability of medical professionals who use intelligent systems while providing medical care. For the introduction of artificial intelligence to have only a positive impact on the healthcare system with minimal risks and threats, it is necessary to develop standards and procedures of medical care using intelligent systems. There is a need to develop a clear legal framework for the use of intelligent systems in medical sphere to ensure patient safety and confidentiality, while preserving the potential of artificial intelligence as an assistant. In this article, the author examines the specifics of using artificial intelligence in medical practice, including issues related to the personal responsibility of a doctor when making decisions about diagnosis and treatment based on the proposal of an algorithm (a medical decision support system).</p><p>   Methodology. Using the method of legal analysis and the comparative legal method, the author analyzes the existing trends in the distribution of liability for harm in the provision of medical care in cases of an error and/or inaccuracy in making a medical decision. The article demonstrates possible future options for the distribution of responsibility between a medical organization and a medical professional. The paper systematizes approaches to legal regulation and criminal legal protection of public relations that arise if a medical professional provides assistance using artificial intelligence systems.</p><p>   The results of the study. The main results and conclusions suggest that medical professionals must always have control over artificial intelligence systems when implementing them. Doctors should be able to reasonably trust the digital tools at their disposal, notice signs of error in such systems, and timely take a new course of action. This should be reflected in the standards of medical care using with artificial intelligence technologies as the responsibility of a medical professional. In addition, the author proves that it is necessary to include the rights and obligations regarding the use of intelligent systems in medical practice in the documents regulating medical care and job descriptions of doctors. The article forms models of the distribution of doctor’s responsibility for harm caused to the life and health of patients in connection with the use of intelligent systems. The set goal of the research has been achieved.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>цифровое здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>медицинские изделия на основе искусственного интеллекта</kwd><kwd>уголовная ответственность врачей</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>цифровая безопасность</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>digital healthcare</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>medical products based on artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>criminal liability of doctors</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>digital security</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта Академии наук Республики Татарстан, предоставленного молодым кандидатам наук (постдокторантам) с целью защиты докторской диссертации, выполнения научно-исследовательских работ, а также выполнения трудовых функций в научных и образовательных организациях Республики Татарстан в рамках Государственной программы Республики Татарстан «Научно-технологическое развитие Республики Татарстан»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was funded by a grant of the Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences to young Candidates of Science (postdocs) for defending a Doctoral thesis, performing scientific research, as well as performing labor functions in scientific and educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan within the state program of the Republic of Tatarstan “Scientific and technological development of the Republic of Tatarstan”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alowais S. 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