pravoПравоприменениеLaw Enforcement Review2542-15142658-4050Dostoevsky Omsk State University10.52468/2542-1514.2025.9(4).26-35pravo-1169Research ArticleТЕОРИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЯTHEORY AND HISTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENTФеномен интернет-мемов в правовом пространствеThe phenomenon of Internet memes in the legal spacehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-5242ЗалоилоМ. В.ZaloiloM. V.

Залоило Максим Викторович – кандидат юридических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела теории права и междисциплинарных исследований законодательства

117218, г. Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34

ResearcherID: S-4168-2018

AuthorID: 595876

Maksim V. Zaloilo – PhD in Law, Leading Researcher, Department of Theory of Law and Interdisciplinary Research of Legislation

34, B. Cheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117218

ResearcherID: S-4168-2018

AuthorID: 595876

z-lo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-4143ВласоваН. В.VlasovaN. V.

Власова Наталия Викторовна – кандидат юридических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник центра частного права

117218, г. Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34

ResearcherID: W-8032-2019

AuthorID: 289357

Nataliya V. Vlasova – PhD in Law, Leading Researcher, Department of Private Law

34, B. Cheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117218

ResearcherID: W-8032-2019

AuthorID: 289357

natasha.vlasova@rambler.ruИнститут законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияInstitute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202509012026942635Copyright © Залоило М.В., Власова Н.В., 20262026Залоило М.В., Власова Н.В.Zaloilo M.V., Vlasova N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1169

Статья посвящена исследованию интернет-мемов как социокультурного и правового явления. На основе анализа отечественных и зарубежных доктрин, законодательства и материалов судебной практики интернет-мем рассматривается в контексте интеллектуальной собственности, определяется его правовая природа. Отмечая влияние медиадискурса как ядра современных языковых процессов на юридическую коммуникацию, а также новации языка права в условиях цифровизации, авторы делают вывод о значении юридических интернет-мемов как средств сетевой коммуникации для отражения и воспроизводства правовой культуры и диджикультуры.Разделы 1, 2, 4, 5 подготовлены М.В. Залоило, раздел 3 – Н.В. Власовой.

The subject of this study is the transformation of modern legal and cultural exchange, which occurs under the influence of trends in digitalization and mediatization of the legal sphere. The purpose of the article is to determine the legal nature and meaning of memes in online legal communications.The research was based on an interdisciplinary scientific approach of memetics, the use of which in jurisprudence is aimed at determining the influence of cultural, social and historical phenomena and factors on the development of law, the formation and change of legal norms and practices. This approach made it possible to consider memes as sociocultural phenomena and trace their role in cultural evolution in general and in the field of legal and cultural transformations in particular. The methodology is also presented by formal legal, comparative legal methods and the method of scientific analysis, with the help of which doctrinal, normative-legal sources and materials of judicial practice on the categorization of Internet memes in the legal field of intellectual property were studied. The use of constructivist methodology allowed us to evaluate memes as building blocks of legal communication. Methods of legal modeling and forecasting helped to determine the vectors of meme influence on legal and cultural evolution, as well as to identify risks of the formation of “deceptive” meanings in Internet memes.Main results. The article highlights the influence of media discourse as the core of modern language processes on legal communication, innovations in the language of law in the context of digitalization. The legal nature of Internet memes is determined through the prism of intellectual property law, which identifies the need to address two issues: respect for the rights of authors of original works and the rights of authors of derivative works – Internet memes – in the context of their viral spread with subsequent multiple variations. Conclusions are formulated about the ability of Internet memes to generate new meanings in jurisprudence; the role of judicial Internet memes in programming and coding of legal behavior, reflecting and reproducing legal culture and digiculture; the reverse influence of the professional legal community on the specific parameters of an Internet meme during its subsequent reproduction and mutations; anti-cultural risks of reproducing of destructive (illegal) patterns of behavior.Sections 1, 2, 4, 5 were prepared by M.V. Zaloilo, section 3 – by N.V. Vlasova.

Цифровизациямедиатизацияюридический дискурсправовая культураправовая информацияинтернет-меммеметикаавторское правопроизводное произведениедоктрина добросовестного использованияDigitalizationmediatizationlegal discourselegal culturelegal informationInternet memememeticscopyrightderivative workthe doctrine of fair useИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01773, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01773/.The study is funded by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-28-01773, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01773/.ReferencesАнненкова И. В. Медиатизация правовой сферы: к постановке проблемы / И. В. Анненкова, М. А. Пильгун, Н. Н. Черногор // Журнал российского права. – 2018. – № 10. – С. 5–14. – DOI: 10.12737/art_2018_10_1.Annenkova I.V., Pilgun M.A., Chernogor N.N. Mediatization in legal sphere: problem statement. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law, 2018, no. 10, pp. 5–14. DOI: 10.12737/art_2018_10_1. (In Russ.).Анненкова И. В. Новая культура коммуникаций в условиях цифровой и социокультурной глобализации: право, медиа и национальная идентичность / И. В. Анненкова, М. В. Залоило // Журнал зарубежного законодательства и сравнительного правоведения. – 2019. – № 3. – С. 140–155.Annenkova I.V., Zaloilo M.V. New culture of communication in the context of digital and socio-cultural globalization: law, media and national identity. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya = Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law, 2019, no. 3, pp. 140–155. (In Russ.).Хустенко А. А. Специфика семиотической организации интернет-мемов профессионального сообщества юристов в социальных сетях / А. А. Хустенко // Научный диалог. – 2022. – Т. 11, № 4. – С. 258–282. – DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-4-258-282.Khustenko A.A. Specificity of semiotic organization of Internet memes of professional community of lawyers in social networks. Nauchnyi dialog, 2022, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 258–282. DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-4-258-282. (In Russ.).Марченко Н. Г. Интернет-мем как хранилище культурных кодов сетевого сообщества / Н. Г. Марченко // Казанская наука. – 2013. – № 1. – С. 113–115.Marchenko N.G. Internet-mem like storage of the cultural code of Internet-community. Kazanskaya nauka = Kazan Science, 2013, no. 1, pp. 113–115. (In Russ.).Трощенкова Е. В. Осмысление общественно-политической роли мемов в медиа дискурсе / Е. В. Трощенкова // Вопросы когнитивной лингвистики. – 2021. – № 3. – С. 21–31. – DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2021-3-21-31.Troshchenkova E.V. Conceptualization of the public and political role of memes in media discourse. Voprosy kognitivnoi lingvistiki = Issues of Cognitive Linguistics, 2021, no. 3, pp. 21–31. DOI: 10.20916/1812-3228-2021-3-21-31. (In Russ.).Ворожевич А. С. Случаи свободного использования объектов авторских прав: сущность, общий обзор / А. С. Ворожевич, Н. В. Козлова // Вестник гражданского права. – 2019. – № 5. – С. 43–78. – DOI: 10.24031/1992-2043-2019-19-5-43-78.Vorozhevich A.S., Kozlova N.V. Cases of Free Fair Use of Copyright Objects: Summary, Overview. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava = Civil Law Review, 2019, no. 5, pp. 43–78. DOI: 10.24031/1992-2043-2019-19-5-43-78. (In Russ.).Докинз Р. Эгоистичный ген / Р. Докинз. – М. : АСТ, 2013. – 245 с.Dawkins R. The selfish gene. Moscow, AST Publ., 2013. 245 p. (In Russ.).Залоило М. В. Правовая меметика в исследовании правоприменения / М. В. Залоило // Журнал российского права. – 2024. – Т. 28, № 11. – С. 19–32. – DOI: 10.61205/S160565900029143-1.Zaloilo M.V. Legal memetics in the study of law enforcement. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law, 2024, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 19–32. DOI: 10.61205/S160565900029143-1. (In Russ.).Missing the revolution. Darwinism for social scientists / ed. by J. H. Barkow. – Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2006. – 311 p.Barkow J.H. (ed.). Missing the revolution. Darwinism for social scientists. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006. 311 p.Dennet D. C. Consciousness explained / D. C. Dennet. – New York : Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company, 1991. – 511 p.Dennet D.C. Consciousness explained. New York, Back Bay Books; Little, Brown and Company, 1991. 511 p.Fried M. S. The evolution of legal concepts: the memetic perspective / M. S. Fried // Jurimetrics. – 1999. – Vol. 39, No. 3. – P. 291–316.Fried M.S. The evolution of legal concepts: the memetic perspective. Jurimetrics, 1999, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 291–316.Залоило М. В. Концепция мема (меметика) и первичные механизмы социокультурной эволюции права / М. В. Залоило // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. – 2024. – Т. 17, № 3. – С. 32–56. – DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2024.3.32.56.Zaloilo M.V. The concept of meme (memetics) and the primary mechanisms of socio-cultural evolution of law. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2024, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 32–56. DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2024.3.32.56. (In Russ.).Smith C. Copyright & memes: the fight for success kid / C. Smith, S. Lantagne // Georgetown Law Journal Online. – 2021. – Vol. 110. – P. 142–167.Smith C., Lantagne S. Copyright & memes: the fight for success kid. Georgetown Law Journal Online, 2021, vol. 110, pp. 142–167.Johnson S. J. Memetic theory, trademarks & the viral meme mark / S. J. Johnson // The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law. – 2013. – Vol. 13. – P. 96–129.Johnson S.J. Memetic theory, trademarks & the viral meme mark. The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law, 2013, vol. 13, pp. 96–129.Shifman L. Memes in digital culture / L. Shifman. – Cambridge, Massachusetts : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. – 211 p.Shifman L. Memes in digital culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Publ., 2014. 211 p.Зиновьева Н. А. Трансляция социокультурных кодов в создании информационного продукта: анализ интернет-мемов : дис. … канд. социол. наук / Н. А. Зиновьева. – СПб., 2016. – 203 c.Zinov’eva N.A. Translation of sociocultural codes in the creation of an information product: analysis of Internet memes, Cand. Diss. St. Petersburg, 2016. 203 p. (In Russ.).Косиченко Е. Ф. Интернет-мем как жанр комического / Е. Ф. Косиченко // Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Гуманитарные науки. – 2022. – № 2 (857). – С. 16–23. – DOI: 10.52070/2542-2197_2022_2_857_16.Kosichenko E.F. Internet meme as a genre of entertainment. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki = Vestnik of Moscow State Linguistic University. Humanities, 2022, no. 2 (857), pp. 16–23. DOI: 10.52070/2542-2197_2022_2_857_16. (In Russ.).Nissenbaum A. Internet memes as a contested cultural capital: the case of 4chan’s/b/board / A. Nissenbaum, L. Shifman // New Media & Society. – 2017. – Vol. 19, Iss. 4. – P. 483–501. – DOI: 10.1177/1461444815609313.Nissenbaum A., Shifman L. Internet memes as a contested cultural capital: the case of 4chan’s/b/board. New Media & Society, 2017, vol. 19, iss. 4, pp. 483–501. DOI: 10.1177/1461444815609313.Marciszewski M. The problem of modern monetization of memes: how copyright law can give protection to meme creator / M. Marciszewski // Pace I. P. Sports & Entertainment Law Forum. – 2020. – Vol. 9, Iss. 1. – Art. 3. – DOI: 10.58948/2329-9894.1076.Marciszewski M. The problem of modern monetization of memes: how copyright law can give protection to meme creator. Pace I. P. Sports & Entertainment Law Forum, 2020, vol. 9, iss. 1, art. 3. DOI: 10.58948/2329-9894.1076.Patel R. First world problems: a fair use analysis of Internet memes / R. Patel // UCLA Entertainment Law Review. – 2013. – Vol. 20, Iss. 2. – P. 235–256. – DOI: 10.5070/LR8202027169.Patel R. First world problems: a fair use analysis of Internet memes. UCLA Entertainment Law Review, 2013, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 235–256. DOI: 10.5070/LR8202027169.Kingdon A. The meme Is the method: examining the power of the image within extremist propaganda / A. Kingdon // Researching Cybercrimes. Methodologies, Ethics, and Critical Approaches / ed. by A. Lavorgna, T. J. Holt. – Cham : Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. – P. 301–322. – DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74837-1_15.Kingdon A. The meme Is the method: examining the power of the image within extremist propaganda, in: Lavorgna A., Holt T.J. (eds.). Researching Cybercrimes. Methodologies, Ethics, and Critical Approaches, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2021, pp. 301–322. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74837-1_15.Шошин С. В. Интернет-мемы: пропаганда и контрпропаганда (некоторые юридические аспекты) / С. В. Шошин // Теология. Философия. Право. – 2022. – № 1 (17). – С. 24–41.Shoshin S.V. Internet meme: propaganda and counter-propaganda (some legal aspects). Teologiya. Filosofiya. Pravo = Theology. Philosophy Law, 2022, no. 1 (17), pp. 24–41. (In Russ.).Yus F. Identity-related issues in meme communication / F. Yus // Internet Pragmatics. – 2018. – Vol. 1, Iss. 1. – P. 113–133. – DOI: 10.1075/ip.00006.yus.Yus F. Identity-related issues in meme communication. Internet Pragmatics, 2018, Vol. 1, iss. 1, pp. 113–133. DOI: 10.1075/ip.00006.yus.Бортняк А. Ф. Правовое поведение как деятельностная интерпретация знаковой информации / А. Ф. Бортняк // Государственный советник. – 2013. – № 4. – С. 26–29.Bortniak A.F. Legal behavior as activity interpretation of sign information. Gosudarstvennyi sovetnik = The State Counsellor, 2013, no. 4, pp. 26–29. (In Russ.).Lantagne S. Famous on the Internet: the spectrum of Internet memes and the legal challenge of evolving methods of communication / S. Lantagne // University of Richmond Law Review. – 2017. – Vol. 52. – P. 387–424.Lantagne S. Famous on the Internet: the spectrum of Internet memes and the legal challenge of evolving methods of communication. University of Richmond Law Review, 2017, vol. 52, pp. 387–424.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.