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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2026.10(1).84-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-1221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандарты доказывания юрисдикционных органов общероссийских спортивных федераций в дисциплинарных спорах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standards of proof of the jurisdictional bodies of the All-Russian sports federations in disciplinary disputes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Илья Александрович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры теории и истории государства и права, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p><p>Scopus AuthorID 57196348447</p><p>ResearcherID: I-7480-2013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia A. Vasilyev – PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of Law; Leading Researcher</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p><p>Scopus AuthorID 57196348447</p><p>ResearcherID: I-7480-2013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.vasilev@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидорова Наталия Александровна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры уголовного процесса и криминалистики, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p><p>Scopus AuthorID 57771834200</p><p>ResearcherID: G-5110-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Sidorova – PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Proceedings; Leading Researcher</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p><p>Scopus AuthorID 57771834200</p><p>ResearcherID: G-5110-2015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.sidorova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянова Евгения Германовна – лаборант-исследователь</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p><p>AuthorID: 1077378</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya G. Lukyanova – Research Assistant</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p><p>AuthorID: 1077378</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ginavet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильев И.А., Сидорова Н.А., Лукьянова Е.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.А., Сидорова Н.А., Лукьянова Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyev I.A., Sidorova N.A., Lukyanova E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1221">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1221</self-uri><abstract><p>Проанализированы нормы общероссийских спортивных федераций, регламентирующие процедуру обязательного досудебного разрешения дисциплинарных споров в спорте на предмет закрепления стандартов доказывания и принципа оценки доказательств членами юрисдикционных органов федераций «по своему внутреннему убеждению, основанному на всестороннем, полном и объективном исследовании в совокупности всех обстоятельств дела» в различных вариантах приведенной формулировки. В результате проведенного мониторинга было выявлено, что закрепление одного из двух стандартов доказывания («достаточной убежденности» и «баланса вероятностей»), используемых в глобальном спорте для разрешения споров, имеет место у единичных федераций. Намного чаще встречается включение в регламентирующие нормы ссылки на «свое внутреннее убеждение» при оценке доказательств. Последнее можно рассматривать в качестве стандарта доказывания, однако его соответствие «достаточной убежденности» или «балансу вероятностей» остается неопределенным. Распространено и отсутствие в регламентирующих нормах федераций требования к членам-арбитрам юрисдикционных органов оценивать доказательства по «своему внутреннему убеждению». Однако к такой правовой политики федераций не следует относиться критически, ошибочно приравнивая ее к игнорированию гарантий субъектов спорта на предсказуемость решений по дисциплинарным спорам. Также авторы считают необходимым рассмотреть возможность снижения порога доказывания клубов по спорам о так называемой «строгой ответственности» до «баланса вероятностей».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject. Some All-Russian sports federations have established jurisdictional bodies for mandatory pre-trial dispute resolution in professional and high-performance sports. Pretrial dispute resolution is regulated by the rules of the federations. There are no literal “standards of proof” in Russian civil and arbitration procedural legislation. However, standards of proof have been developed at courts’ practice. The situation is different with regard to the rules of the All-Russian sports federations for resolving disputes in a pre-trial manner. Some federations have established literal standards of proof (“comfortable satisfaction”, “balance of probabilities”). Most federations either referred to dispute resolution by members of their jurisdictional bodies “according to their inner conviction” (in different versions of the phrase) or did not regulate this issue.The purpose of the study. The article analyzes the norms of the All-Russian sports federations governing the procedure for mandatory pre-trial resolution of disciplinary disputes in sports in order to consolidate the standards of proof and the principle of evidence assessment by the members of the jurisdictional bodies of the federations “according to their inner conviction, based on a comprehensive, complete and objective study of the totality of all the circumstances of the case” in various versions of the above wording.Methodology. The authors used the method of monitoring the norms of acts of All-Russian sports federations, the method of analyzing the norms-results of monitoring, and the method of comparing the analysis results. The main results. As a result of the monitoring, it was revealed that the consolidation of one of the two standards of evidence (“comfortable satisfaction” and “balance of probabilities”) used in global sports for dispute resolution takes place among individual federations. It is much more common to include references to “one’s inner conviction” in regulatory norms when evaluating evidence. The latter can be considered as a standard of proof, but its compliance with “sufficient conviction” or “balance of probabilities” remains uncertain. There is also a widespread lack of a requirement in the regulatory norms of federations for members of arbitrators of jurisdictional bodies to evaluate evidence “according to their inner conviction”. However, such a legal policy of federations should not be treated critically, mistakenly equating it to ignoring the guarantees of sports entities for the predictability of disciplinary decisions. The authors also consider it necessary to consider the possibility of lowering the threshold of proof for clubs in disputes over socalled “strict liability” to a “balance of probabilities”.Conclusions. All-Russian sports federations rarely establish literal “standards of proof”. To make progress, we may turn to the practice of courts in civil and arbitration proceedings, which has developed several “standards of proof”.Conclusions. The legal framework of Russian smart cities, represented by sublegislative acts implementing plans and programs, is characterized by flexibility, mobility, and inconsistency.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Общероссийские спортивные федерации</kwd><kwd>спортивный спор</kwd><kwd>юрисдикционный орган</kwd><kwd>обязательное досудебное урегулирование споров</kwd><kwd>стандарт доказывания</kwd><kwd>оценка доказательств</kwd><kwd>достаточная убежденность</kwd><kwd>баланс вероятностей</kwd><kwd>внутреннее убеждение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>All-Russian sports federations</kwd><kwd>sport dispute</kwd><kwd>jurisdictional body</kwd><kwd>obligatory pre-trial litigation of sports disputes</kwd><kwd>standard of proof</kwd><kwd>evaluation of evidences</kwd><kwd>balance of probabilities</kwd><kwd>comfortable satisfaction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев И. 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