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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2026.10(1).94-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-1222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовая модель виртуальной реальности в интернет-пространстве (на примере многопользовательских онлайн-игр)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The legal model of virtual reality in the Internet space (using the example of online multiplayer games)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-7176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliyev</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алиев Улви Амил оглы – аспирант 3-го курса</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, 82/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulvi A. Aliyev – 3rd-year Postgraduate Student</p><p>82/1, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">u.aliyeff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пятков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyatkov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пятков Дмитрий Валерьевич – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры гражданского права юридического института</p><p>656049, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Pyatkov – PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute</p><p>61, Lenina pr., Barnaul, 656049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pitkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0902-8002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холоденко</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholodenko</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Холоденко Юрий Витальевич – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры гражданского права юридического института</p><p>656049, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Kholodenko – PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute</p><p>61, Lenina pr., Barnaul, 656049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">holodenko@de-kons.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Алтайский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алиев У.А., Пятков Д.В., Холоденко Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алиев У.А., Пятков Д.В., Холоденко Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aliyev U.A., Pyatkov D.V., Kholodenko Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1222">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/1222</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе анализа современных подходов к определению понятия виртуальной реальности и отношений, возникающих в связи с оборотом предметов виртуальной реальности, утверждается возможность и потребность в регулировании таких отношений, в частности в сфере онлайн-игр. Желание урегулировать все сферы жизни человека избыточно и не влечет тех последствий, на которые оно нацелено, но игровая виртуальная деятельность будет подчиняться реальному праву, если лицо, вступающее в нее, осознает, что его действия повлекут последствия для реального мира. В центре внимания авторов – отношения, возникающие между участниками многопользовательских онлайн-игр, взятые как пример виртуальной реальности, мало изученной со стороны юриспруденции и не имеющей адекватного правового регулирования. В частности, рассматривается проблема юридической квалификации отношений между игроками по отчуждению друг другу различных игровых предметов в многопользовательской онлайнигре: допустимы ли такие сделки, носят ли они юридический характер, какой институт и какой отрасли права призван регулировать действия игроков? Сделан вывод, что в таких случаях имеет место уступка права требования между пользователями-игроками: уступается право требования к разработчику игры, возникшее по договору об организации игрового процесса. Сегодня такая квалификация отношений оптимальна, однако имеет характер временного решения. По мнению авторов, ни вещное, ни обязательственное право в традиционном виде не способны стать полноценным регулятором виртуальной реальности, рано или поздно суды, а вслед за ними и законодатели будут вынуждены признать реальность виртуальной собственности как особой разновидности общественных отношений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of study is the category of "virtual reality," as examined by the authors in the context of multiplayer online games.The purpose of the article is to analyze modern approaches to defining the concept of virtual reality and the relationships arising from the circulation of virtual reality objects. The research methodology incorporates general scientific methods, as well as a comparative research method and a formal legal approach.Results. An analysis of modern approaches to defining the concept of virtual reality and the relationships arising from the circulation of virtual reality objects suggests both the possibility and the necessity of regulating such relationships, particularly in the context of online games. In identifying the philosophical basis of this study, the authors of the article believe that the ontological principle of virtual reality lies in overcoming the limitations of human nature within a virtual environment. The desire to regulate all aspects of human life is excessive and does not lead to the desired consequences. However, virtual gaming actions will be subject to real law if the participant understands that their actions will have consequences in the real world. To support their position, the authors apply the so-called "magic circle theory": the rules in the game space differ from those in the real world until a violation of the game rules is detected, leading to negative consequences for the copyright holder in reality.The authors focus on the relationships that develop between participants in multiplayer online games. These relationships are used as an example of virtual reality, which has been insufficiently studied from a legal perspective and lacks qualified legal regulation.The authors identify three main approaches developed in legal scholarship regarding the description of virtual reality, gameplay, its objects, and relationships: reification of virtual world objects by applying property law to the relevant relationships; consideration of the relationships between players transferring game assets as services for modifying game parameters; and description of the relationships between players as the transfer of a claim (a claim) between the initial and subsequent users of virtual property under a contract for the provision of services for organizing the game process (an agreement between the initial user and the game organizer).In examining the legal classification of relationships between players regarding the alienation of various in-game items in multiplayer online games, the authors seek to answer the question: are such transactions permissible, do they have legal significance, and which legal institution and branch of law should regulate the actions of players? The article concludes that in these cases, a transfer of rights of claim (right of claim) occurs between the users-players: the right of claim against the game developer, arising from the agreement with the gaming organization, is transferred. Currently, this classification of relationships is considered optimal, but it is temporary. According to the authors, neither property law nor contract law in their traditional forms can serve as a full-fledged regulator of virtual reality; sooner or later, courts and legislators will be forced to recognize virtual property as a special type of social relationship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>виртуальная собственность</kwd><kwd>право собственности</kwd><kwd>предметы виртуальной реальности</kwd><kwd>многопользовательская онлайн-игра</kwd><kwd>уступка права</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Virtual reality</kwd><kwd>virtual property</kwd><kwd>ownership</kwd><kwd>virtual reality items</kwd><kwd>massively multiplayer online game</kwd><kwd>assignment of rights</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fairfield J. A. T. Virtual Property / J. A. T. 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