<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(2).95-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА СУДЕБНЫМИ ОРГАНАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE JUDGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Благосостояние общества и репрессивность уголовного наказания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social welfare and severity of criminal punishment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бибик</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bibik</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры уголовного права и криминологии</p><p>SPIN‐код: 2670‐9299</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Criminal law and Criminology</p><p>RSCI SPIN‐code: 2670‐9299</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olegbibik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского, г. Омск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Правоприменение</issue-title><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бибик О.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бибик О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bibik O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/235">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/235</self-uri><abstract><p>Уголовное наказание рассматривается как элемент социального обмена, в рамках которого оно применяется в ответ на преступление. В роли эквивалента при таком обмене выступает время жизни человека. В результате повышение благосостояния общества увеличивает предельную вредность уголовного наказания при его неизменном формальном значении, что стимулирует смягчение уголовных санкций. Замедление процесса дефляции уголовного наказания за насильственные преступления обусловлено уменьшением толерантности общества к насилию, что детерминировано развитием культуры. Изучена взаимосвязь применения лишения свободы и убийств. Установлено, что чем более экономически развитым является государство, тем в большей степени количество убийств коррелирует с численностью лишенных свободы. Большее число убийств свидетельствует о меньшей стоимости жизни человека в конкретной стране, что объясняет более частое применение лишения свободы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The subject</title><p>The subject. The article is devoted to the correlation between the level of social welfare and the degree of criminal punishment’s repressiveness.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that improving the social welfare increases perceiving harmfulness of criminal punishment with its constant formal measure and stimulates the mitigation of criminal sanctions.</p><p>The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, de‐ scription) and sociological approach.</p><p>The main results and scope of their application. The author proves that society is based on reciprocity, the expression of which is the exchange of certain actions between people. The application of criminal punishment in response to the committed crime can be considered as a special case of social exchange that occurs when the crime is committed. Since crime and punishment are included in the process of social exchange, an equivalent is needed to determine their relation. The equivalent in such an exchange is the time of a human's life. Time of human life as an equivalent in social exchange fits perfectly into the logic of development of modern society, culture of consumption. A person's life time is the time when person is able to consume. The reason for the choice of such a value guide is cultural stereotypes. Time is the most important factor in our due to modern cultural values, time plays a decisive role in the formation of the price of crime. The modern system of criminal justice is focused on taking into account the lost time of human life in the application of punishment.</p><p>Improving the social welfare increases perceiving harmfulness of criminal punishment with its constant formal measure, this process stimulates the mitigation of criminal sanctions. The slowdown in the deflation of criminal punishment for violent crimes is due to a decrease in the social tolerance to violence, which is determined by the development of culture.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Уголовное наказание</kwd><kwd>социальный обмен</kwd><kwd>благосостояние общества</kwd><kwd>время жизни человека</kwd><kwd>лишение свободы</kwd><kwd>убийство</kwd><kwd>насилие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Criminal punishment</kwd><kwd>social exchange</kwd><kwd>welfare of society</kwd><kwd>time of human life</kwd><kwd>imprisonment</kwd><kwd>murder</kwd><kwd>violence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Култыгин В.П. Концепция социального обмена в современной социологии / В.П. Култыгин // Социологические исследования. – 1997. – № 5. – С. 85–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kultygin V.P. The concept of social exchange in modern sociology. Sociological researches, 1997, no. 5, pp. 85–99. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ритцер Дж. Современные социологические теории / Дж. Ритцер. – СПб.: Питер, 2002. – 688 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritzer J. Modern sociological theories. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2002. 688 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фуко М. Надзирать и наказывать. Рождение тюрьмы / М. Фуко; пер. с фр. В. Наумова под ред. И. Борисовой. – М.: Ad Marginem, 1999. – 478 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foucault M. Discipline and punish. The birth of the prison. Moscow, Ad Marginem Publ., 1999. 478 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иеринг Р. Цель в праве / Р. Иеринг. – СПб., 1881. – Т. 1. – 425 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iering R. The Purpose of the law, Vol. 1. St. Petersburg, 1881. 425 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин П.А. Преступление и кара, подвиг и награда: социологический этюд об основных формах общественного поведения и морали / П.А. Сорокин. – М.: Астрель, 2006. – 624 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin P.A. Crime and punishment, feat and reward: the sociological etude about the main forms of public behavior and morality. Moscow, Astrel’ Publ., 2006. 624 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кристи Н. Пределы наказания / Н. Кристи. – М.: Прогресс, 1985. – 176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christy N. Limits of punishment. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1985. 176 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мицкевич А.Ф. Уголовное наказание: понятие, цели и механизмы действия / А.Ф. Мицкевич. – СПб.: Юридический центр Пресс, 2005. – 329 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitskevich A.F. Criminal punishment: concept, purposes and mechanisms of action. St. Petersburg, Yuridicheskii tsentr Press Publ., 2005. 329 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пашуканис Е.Б. Избранные произведения по общей теории права и государства / Е.Б. Пашуканис. – М.: Наука, 1980. – 270 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashukanis E.B. Selected works on the General theory of law and state. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1980. 270 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щитов Н.Г. Социолого‐правовая теория наказания Е.Б. Пашуканиса / Н.Г. Щитов // Социологические исследования. – 2012. – № 3. – С. 39–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchitov N.G. Sociological and legal theory of punishment. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya = Sociological researches, 2012, no. 3, pp. 39–49. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беккер Г. Избранные труды по экономической теории / Г. Беккер. – М.: ГУ‐ВШЭ, 2003. – 672 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker G. Selected works on economic theory. Moscow, HSE Publ., 2003. 672 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фойницкий И.Я. Учение о наказании в связи с тюрьмоведением / И.Я. Фойницкий. – М.: Добросвет2000: Городец, 2000. – 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foinitskii I.Ya. The Doctrine of punishment in connection with turnoverin. Moscow, Dobrosvet‐2000 Publ., Gorodets Publ., 2000. 464 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Posner R.A. An Economic Theory of the Criminal Law / R.A. Posner // Columbia Law Review. – 1985. – Vol. 85. – № 6. – P. 1193–1231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posner R.A. An Economic Theory of the Criminal Law. Columbia Law Review, 1985, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 1193–1231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klingenstein S. The civilizing process in London’s Old Bailey / S. Klingenstein, T. Hitchcock, S. DeDeoa // Psychological and cognitive sciences. – 2014. – Vol. 111, № 26. – P. 9419–9424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klingenstein S., Hitchcock T., DeDeoa S. The civilizing process in London’s Old Bailey. Psychological and cognitive sciences, 2014, vol. 111, no. 26, pp. 9419–9424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов Н.А. Преступность в современной Японии: проблемы криминологической и уголовно‐правовой политики: дис. … д‐ра юрид. наук / Н.А. Морозов. – М., 2016. – 430 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov N.A. Crime in modern Japan: problems of criminological and criminal law policy, Doct. Diss. Moscow, 2016. 430 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Punishment in Europe: A Critical Anatomy of Penal Systems / eds. V. Ruggiero, M. Ryan. – Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. – 304 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruggiero V., Ryan M. (eds.). Punishment in Europe: A Critical Anatomy of Penal Systems. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2013. 304 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garland D. The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society / D. Garland. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. – 307 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garland D. The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, University of Chicago Press Publ., 2002. 307 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
