<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(1).106-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА СУДЕБНЫМИ ОРГАНАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE JUDGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преступления на почве ненависти, феномен hate speech, практика Европейского суда по правам человека и российский подход к определению экстремистской деятельности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hate crimes, the hate speech phenomenon, practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Russian approach to determining extremist activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коряковцев</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koryakovtsev</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры уголовного права и процесса</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvkoryakovtsev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Питулько</surname><given-names>Ксения Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pitulko</surname><given-names>Xenia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры уголовного права и процесса</p><p>SPIN-код: 3076-5996; AuthorID: 409209</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code: 3076-5996; AuthorID: 409209</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lokhi@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Анжелика Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Anzhelika A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой уголовного права и процесса</p><p>SPIN-код: 8422-0022; AuthorID: 608587</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Head, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code: 8422-0022; AuthorID: 608587</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anzh-sergeeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России), Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал), г. Санкт-Петербург<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian State University of Justice, St. Petersburg Institute (Branch), St. Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Правоприменение</issue-title><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коряковцев В.В., Питулько К.В., Сергеева А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коряковцев В.В., Питулько К.В., Сергеева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koryakovtsev V.V., Pitulko X.V., Sergeeva A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/292">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются научно-практические попытки определений «преступлений ненависти» в глобальной и региональной правозащитной системах, базовые рекомендации ООН по противодействию подобным преступлениям, предлагается толкование термина hate speech (язык ненависти) в соотношении с родственным криминологическим понятием hate crime (преступления ненависти). Приводятся статистические данные, характеризующие уровень подобной преступности, и практика ЕСПЧ в рассматриваемом направлении, упоминается перечень критериев, в соответствии с которыми «преступления ненависти» могут быть мотивированы языковыми различиями, гендерной принадлежностью, сексуальной ориентацией и другими характеристиками, а также критерии, отграничивающие hate speech от свободы выражения мнения, предлагается декриминализация ч. 1 ст. 282 УК РФ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the research is criminal law rules that provide for criminal liability for hate crimes and the judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on hate crimes.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that a unified approach to the definition of the legal concept of hate speech and the limits of its application is necessary. This approach must be based on the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights</p><p>The research methodology includes analysis and interpretation of court decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as a dialectical approach to the analysis of various points of view to the definition of extremist activity.The main results and scope of their application. The relevance of the research proposed for publication is due to the lack of uniform practice of applying the articles of the Russian Criminal Code on so-called "hate crimes" by Russian courts and the presence of significant contradictions in the positions of the European Court of Human Rights and the state position of the Russian Federation in defining key concepts in this area that are extremely important for criminal procedure and administrative activities. The paper considers scientific and practical attempts to define "hate crimes" in the global and regional human rights systems, basic recommendations of the UN on countering such crimes, and offers an interpretation of the term hate speech in relation to the related criminological concept of hate crime. The text provides statistical data describing the level of such crime and the practice of the ECHR in this area, mentions a list of criteria according to which" hate crimes " can be motivated by language differences, gender, sexual orientation and other characteristics, as well as criteria that distinguish hate speech from freedom of expression, and suggests decriminalization of part 1 of article 282 of the Russian Criminal Code.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Экстремистская деятельность</kwd><kwd>публичные призывы</kwd><kwd>hate speech</kwd><kwd>гарантии прав и свобод</kwd><kwd>свобода слова</kwd><kwd>уголовное преследование</kwd><kwd>Европейский суд по правам человека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Extremist activity</kwd><kwd>public appeals</kwd><kwd>hate speech</kwd><kwd>guarantees of rights and freedoms</kwd><kwd>freedom of speech</kwd><kwd>criminal prosecution</kwd><kwd>European Court of Human Rights</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вебер Э. Пособие по вопросам разжигания ненависти / Э. Вебер. – Варшава: БДИПЧ ОБСЕ, 2009. – 94 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber E. Handbook on hate speech. Warsaw, OSCE / ODIHR, 2009. 94 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабиченко К.Н. Дискриминация и преступления на почве ненависти: квалификация и предупреждение: дис. … канд. юрид. наук / К.Н. Бабиченко. – СПб., 2005. – 198 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babichenko, K.N. Discrimination and hate crimes: qualification and warning. Cand. Diss. Thesis. St. Petersburg, 2005. 198 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гилинский Я.И. Преступления ненависти: теория, история, реальность / Я.И. Гилинский // Индекс. Досье на цензуру. – 2007. – № 25. – С. 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilinsky, Ya. I. Hate Crimes: Theory, History, Reality. Index. Censorship Dossier. 2007. No. 25. pp. 3-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миночкина Я.И. Язык вражды: открывая ящик Пандоры / Я.И. Миночкина // Прецеденты Европейского суда по правам человека. – 2016. – № 10. – С. 4–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minochkina, Ya.I. Hate speech: opening the Pandora's box. Pretsedenty Evropeiskogo suda po pravam cheloveka = Precedents of the European Court of Human Rights. 2016. No. 10. pp. 4-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галахова А.В. Оценочные признаки в Уголовном кодексе РФ: научное и судебное толкование / А.В. Галахова. – М.: Норма, 2014. – 736 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galakhova, A.V. Evaluation signs in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: scientific and judicial interpretation. Moscow: Norma, 2014. 736 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антокольский А.А. Права человека и Интернет. Практика Европейского суда по правам человека / А.А. Антокольский // Труды Института государства и права РАН. – 2019. – Т. 14. – № 2. – С. 159–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antokolsky A.A. Human rights and the Internet. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2019.T. 14. No. 2. pp. 159-185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеенкова М.А. Некоторые аспекты влияния Европейского суда по правам человека на развитие российского доказательственного права / М.А. Михеенкова // Судья. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 39–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikheenkova M.A. Some aspects of the impact of the European Court of Human Rights on the development of Russian evidence law. Sud'ya = Judge. - 2017. No. 2. pp. 39-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шейфер С.А. Доказательства и доказывание по уголовным делам: монография / С.А. Шейфер. – М.: Норма, 2014. – 414 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheifer S.A. Evidence and evidence in criminal cases. Moscow: Norma, 2014. 414 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понкин И.В. Заключение на постановление Европейского суда по правам человека от 17.07.2018 по делу «Мария Алехина и другие против России» / И.В. Понкин // Государство и религия: информационно-аналитический портал. – URL: http://www.state-religion.ru/files/Ponkin_17-09-2018.pdf (дата обращения: 17.10.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponkin I.V. Conclusion on the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of July 17, 2018 in the case of Maria Alekhina and Others v. Russia. State and religion: information and analytical portal [electronic resource] - Access mode: URL: http://www.state-religion.ru/files/Ponkin_17-09-2018.pdf (Date of access: 17.10.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Будылин С.А. Лайк – репост – тюрьма. Или уже нет? / С.А. Будылин // Zakon.ru. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2018/10/05/lajk__repost__tyurma_%C2%A0ili_uzhe_net (дата обращения: 17.10.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budylin S.A. Like - repost - prison. Or not already? Zakon.ru [electronic resource]. Access mode: URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2018/10/05/lajk__repost__tyurma_%C2%A0ili_uzhe_net (Date of access: 10.17.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Н.Ф. Проблемы квалификации преступлений / Н.Ф. Кузнецова. – М.: ГородецЪ, 2007. – 420 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova N.F. Problems of qualification of crimes. Moscow, Gorodets, 2007. 420 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прозументов Л.М. Основания криминализации (декриминализации) деяний / Л.М. Прозументов // Вестник Томского государственного университета. – 2014. – № 4. – С. 175–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozumentov L.M. The grounds for criminalization (decriminalization) of acts. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of Tomsk State University, 2014, no. 4, pp. 175-185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радошнова Н.В. Криминализация (декриминализация) в уголовном праве России: дис. … канд. юрид. наук / Н.В. Радошнова. – Саратов, 2015. – 198 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radoshnova N.V. Criminalization (decriminalization) in the criminal law of Russia. Cand. Diss. Thesis. Saratov, 2015.198 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Интернет-пользователи выходят из-за стола // КоммерсантЪ. – 2019. – 18 янв.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Internet users leave the table. Kommersant. 2019. Jan 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курушин М.Ю. Подводная лодка «Курск»: рождение, жизнь, версии гибели / М.Ю. Курушин. – М.: АСТ, 2009. – 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurushin M.Yu. The submarine Kursk: birth, life, version of death. Moscow, AST Publ., 2009. 400 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поезжалов В.В. Клевета: спорные вопросы дифференциации уголовной ответственности и индивидуализации наказания / В.В. Поезжалов, М.М. Шахмаев // Юридическая наука и правоохранительная практика. – 2015. – № 2. – С. 46–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poezdzhalov V.V., Shakhmaev M.M. Slander: controversial issues of differentiation of criminal liability and individualization of punishment. Yuridicheskaya nauka i pravookhranitel'naya praktika = Jurisprudence and law enforcement practice, 2015, no. 2, pp. 46-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хмелевский С.С. Клевета: проблемы правоприменительной практики / С.С. Хмелевский // Социально-политические науки. – 2013. – № 1. – С. 134–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khmelevskiy S.S. Slander: problems of law enforcement practice. Sotsial'no-politicheskie nauki = Socio-political sciences, 2013, no. 1, pp. 134-139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тараненко А.С. Клевета: обоснованность границ объекта уголовно-правовой охраны / А.С. Тараненко // Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. – 2015. – № 4. – С. 163–167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taranenko A.S. Slander: the validity of the boundaries of the object of criminal law protection. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University, 2015, no. 4, pp. 163-167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирный рейтинг свободы прессы // Гуманитарные технологии: аналитический портал. URL: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/worldwide-press-freedom-index/info (дата обращения: 17.10.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Press Freedom Rating. Humanitarian Technologies: Analytical Portal [electronic resource]. Access Mode: URL: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/worldwide-press-freedom-index/info (Date of access: 17.10.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершов Ю.М. Средства массовой информации в политической перспективе России / Ю.М. Ершов // Вестник Томского государственного университета. – 2008. – № 1. – С. 77–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershov Yu.M. Media in the political perspective of Russia. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of Tomsk State University, 2008, no. 1, pp. 77-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
