<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(2).13-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY AND HISTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пределы применения искусственного интеллекта (правовые проблемы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The limitations of artificial intelligence (legal problems)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстратов</surname><given-names>Александр Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstratov</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории государства и права</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ: 1295-0330; AuthorID: 317077</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of State and Law</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code: 1295-0330; AuthorID: 317077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evstratovAE@omsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гученков</surname><given-names>Игорь Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guchenkov</surname><given-names>Igor Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент факультета права</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Undergraduate, Faculty of Law</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor.guchenkov.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского, г. Омск<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет – Высшая школа экономики, г. Москва<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Moscow<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Правоприменение</issue-title><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евстратов А.Э., Гученков И.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евстратов А.Э., Гученков И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evstratov A.E., Guchenkov I.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/302">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/302</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются основные подходы к определению понятия «искусственный интеллект», на конкретных примерах описываются возможные проблемы, которые может повлечь дальнейшее применение искусственного интеллекта, а также пути их преодоления. Обозначены вызовы, которые стоят перед учёными-правоведами и практиками: определение статуса искусственного интеллекта, ответственности за его действия и, соответственно, поиск наиболее приемлемого способа трансформации законодательства, регулирующего применение искусственного интеллекта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject. Possible problems that may lead to further use of artificial intelligence, as well as ways to overcome them are studied.The purpose of the article is to identify the principles of the legal status of artificial intelligence.The methodology includes formal-logical method, systematic approach, formal-legal method, comparative method, analysis, synthesis.</p><p>The main results of the research. The basic approaches to the definition of the concept of artificial intelligence are examined, specific examples are given, the problems that can cause the further use of artificial intelligence are analyzed. Artificial intelligence as a complex computing system is characterized by: variability in decision-making, a certain degree of autonomy when working, as well as the ability to take into account the experience gained from previously made decisions and use it to correct them. The challenges that are facing both the legislators and scientists are identified, such as: determining the status of artificial intelligence, responsibility for its actions and, accordingly, finding the most acceptable way to transform legislation governing the use of artificial intelligence.Conclusions. Artificial intelligence, due to both its novelty and certain functioning features, causes disagreement in the scientific community regarding the permissible limits of its application, its legal status, responsibility for the results of its activities, as well as on many other related issues. Today there is no unity of opinion even in relation to the definition of the term “artificial intelligence”, which is largely due to the previously mentioned features. Therefore, in a world of continuous scientific and technological progress, where artificial intelligence plays an increasing role, we should continue to study these technologies in order to: firstly, determine their role and place in the future of humanity; secondly, to define the permissible limits of the use of artificial intelligence in order not to harm individual people or groups of people; thirdly, based on an understanding of the nature and principles of artificial intelligence, transform legislation in such a way that it best meets the challenges, which legal scholars will have to face in the future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>правовые проблемы</kwd><kwd>законодательство</kwd><kwd>правосубъектность</kwd><kwd>электронное лицо</kwd><kwd>применение искусственного интеллекта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>legal problems</kwd><kwd>legislation</kwd><kwd>legal personality</kwd><kwd>electronic person</kwd><kwd>problematic aspects</kwd><kwd>the use of artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Совет по грантам Президента РФ</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Russian Federation President Grant Council</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ястребов О.А. Искусственный интеллект в правовом пространстве / О.А. Ястребов // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки. – 2018. – Т. 22, № 3. – С. 315–328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yastrebov O.A. Artificial Intelligence in the legal space. Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov = RUDN Journal of Law, 2018, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 315–328. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаптев В.А. Понятие искусственного интеллекта и юридическая ответственность за его работу / В.А. Лаптев // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. – 2019. – № 2. – С. 79–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laptev V.A. Artificial Intelligence and Liability for its Work. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey Shkoly Ekonomiki = Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2019, no. 2, pp. 79–102. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понкин И.В. Искусственный интеллект с точки зрения права / И.В. Понкин, А.И. Редькина // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки. – 2018. – Т. 22, № 1. – С. 91–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponkin I.V., Redkina A.I. Artificial intelligence from the point of view of law. Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov = RUDN Journal of Law, 2018, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 91–109. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Регулирование робототехники: введение в «робоправо». Правовые аспекты развития робототехники и технологий искусственного интеллекта / под ред. А.В. Незнамова. – М.: Инфотропик Медиа, 2018. – 232 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov V.V., Bakumenko V.V., Volynets A.D., et al. Regulation of robotics: introduction to "robopravo". Legal aspects of the development of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies. Moscow, Infotropik Media, 2018. 232 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морхат П.М. Искусственный интеллект: правовой взгляд: научная монография / П.М. Морхат; РОО «Институт государственно-конфессиональных отношений и права». – М.: Буки Веди, 2017. – 257 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morkhat P.M. Artificial intelligence. Legal view. Moscow, Buki Vedi Publ., 2017. 257 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амиянц К.А. Использование искусственного интеллекта в современной судебной системе и права человека / К.А. Амиянц, К.В. Чемеринский // Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук. – 2019. – № 11-3 (38). – С. 49–52. – DOI: 10.24411/2500-1000-2019-11811.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amiyants K.A., Chemerinskiy K.V. The use of artificial intelligence in the modern judicial system and human rights. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk = International Journal of Humanities and Natural Science, 2019, no. 11-3, pp. 49–52. DOI: 10.24411/2500-1000-2019-11811. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заплатина Т. С. Искусственный интеллект в вопросе вынесения судебных решений, или ИИ-судья / Т.С. Заплатина // Вестник университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА). – 2019. – № 4 (56). – С. 160–168. – DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2019.56.4.160-168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaplatina T.S. Artificial intellect in the passing sentences issues or AI judge. Vestnik universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina = Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, 2019, no. 4, pp. 160–168. DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2019.56.4.160-168. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жилкин В.А. Искусственный интеллект и цифровые технологии в юридической деятельности в цифровой реальности (на примере Финляндии) / В.А. Жилкин // Журнал зарубежного законодательства и сравни-тельного правоведения. – 2018. – № 5 (72). – С. 16–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhilkin V.A. Artificial intelligence and digital technologies in the legal activity in the conditions of digital reality (case-study of Finland). Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya = The Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law, 2018, no. 5, pp. 16–21. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.А. Искусственный интеллект: правовые аспекты / А.А. Васильев, Д. Шпопер // Известия Алтайского государственного университета. – 2018. – № 6. – С. 23–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14258/ izvasu(2018)6-03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev A.A., Szpoper D. Artificial Intelligence: legal aspects. Izvestiya of Altai State University, 2018, no. 6, pp. 23–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2018)6-03. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морхат П.М. Проблемы определения юридической ответственности за действия искусственного интеллекта / П.М. Морхат // Право и государство: теория и практика. – 2017. – № 9 (153). – С. 70–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokrhat P.M. The problems of determining legal responsibility for the actions of artificial intelligence. Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika = Law and State: The Theory and Practice, 2017, no. 9, pp. 70–74. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цуканова Е.Ю. Правовые аспекты ответственности за причинение вреда роботом с искусственным интеллектом / Е.Ю. Цуканова, О.Р. Скопенко // Вопросы российского и международного права. – 2018. – Т. 8, № 4A. – С. 42–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsukanova E.Yu., Skopenko O.R. Legal aspects of liability for causing damage by a robot with artificial intelligence. Voprosy rossijskogo i mezhdunarodnogo prava, 2018. vol. 8. no. 4A. pp. 42–48. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ястребов О.А. Правосубъектность электронного лица: теоретико-методологические подходы / О.А. Ястребов // Труды Института государства и права Российской академии наук. – 2018. – Т. 13, № 2. – С. 36–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yastrebov O.A. The legal capacity of electronic persons: theoretical and methodological approaches. Trudy Instituta gosudarstva i prava Rossijskoj akademii nauk = Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS, 2018, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 36–55. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морхат П.М. Концепт индивидуального субъекта права применительно к электронному лицу (правосубъектность юнита искусственного интеллекта, коррелируемая (соотносимая, сопоставимая) с правосубъектностью человека) / П.М. Морхат // Право и государство: теория и практика. – 2018. – № 8 (164). – С. 74–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morkhat P.M. Concept of individual entity for electronic (personality artificial intelligence unit, (comparable correlated) with the personality of a person). Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika = Law and State: The Theory and Practice, 2018, no. 8, pp. 74–77. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Худякова Е.А. К вопросу о правовом статусе искусственного интеллекта / Е.А. Худякова // Вопросы российской юстиции. – 2020. – № 5. – С. 366–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khudyakova E.A. On the question of the legal status of artificial intelligence. Voprosy rossijskoj yusticii, 2020, no. 5, pp. 366–373. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соменков С.А. Искусственный интеллект: от объекта к субъекту? / С.А. Соменков // Вестник Университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА). – 2019. – № 2 (54). – С. 75–85. – DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2019.54.2.075-085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somenkov S.A. Artificial intelligence: from object to subject? Vestnik universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina = Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, 2019, no. 2, pp. 75–85. DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2019.54.2.075-085. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
