<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(3).148-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY BODIES OF CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неправомерное применение в отношении лиц, лишенных свободы, физической силы и специальных средств: криминологическая характеристика и меры профилактики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Illegal use of physical force and special means against prisoners: criminological characteristics and preventive measures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4779-4971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник НИЦ-2</p><p>SPIN-код РИНЦ: 1481-6590ResearcherID: М-8979-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Research Center-2</p><p>RSCI SPIN code: 1481-6590ResearcherID: M-8979-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samnauka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт ФСИН России, г. Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Правоприменение</issue-title><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/362">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/362</self-uri><abstract><p>Изложена криминологическая характеристика неправомерного применения в отношении лиц, лишенных свободы, физической силы и специальных средств, включающая характеристику личности осужденных к лишению свободы, в отношении которых было совершено подобное неправомерное применение, обстоятельств его осуществления, основные причины, этому способствующие, а также характеристика личности сотрудников исправительных учреждений, допускавших подобное применение. Делаются выводы, что неправомерное применение физической силы и специальных средств было осуществлено в отношении осужденных с достаточно негативными характеристиками, отличающимися высокой степенью криминальной зараженности, проявляющими отрицательное отношение к порядку и условиям отбывания наказания, не подчиняющимися законным требованиям сотрудников исправительных учреждений. Наиболее вероятные причины подобного применения связаны с особенностями проявления противоправной активности таких осужденных, негативными характеристиками условий отбывания наказания и особенностями несения службы, деструктивно влияющими на сотрудников данных учреждений. Всё это необходимо учитывать при проведении профилактики рассматриваемого негативного явления в отечественной пенитенциарной практике, оптимальные направления реализации кото-рой изложены в заключение работы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The subject</title><p>The subject. The article outlines the criminological characteristics of the ilegal use of physical force and special means against persons deprived of their liberty.The purpose of the article is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that the reasons for the unlawful use of force methods against convicts are related to the nature of the illegal actions of such convicts.The methodological base of the study was an analysis of 15 cases of unlawful use of physical force and special means by employees of the correctional facilities against imprisoned convicts committed in the period from 2016 to 2019. The author analyzed 12 sentences on bringing employees of the correctional facilities to criminal responsibility for the unlawful use of these forceful methods, as well as a survey of about 190 employees serving in various positions in the correctional facilities where unlawful use of force was carried out. In addition the scientific works of other authors that affect this issue were studied.The main results, scope of application. The criminological characteristics of the illegal use of physical force and special means by employees of the correctional facilities against imprisoned persons are presented. The article includes a description of such victims; a description of the circumstances of use of force; a description of the employees of the correctional facilities who allowed unlawful use of force; the reasons and conditions that contribute to the implementation of this use. Based on the above, some measures are proposed that contribute to the optimal solution of the issue of prevention of the unlawful use of force in the Russian penitentiary practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The unlawful use of physical forces and special means was carried out against convicts who have destructive moral and psychological qualities, are characterized by a high degree of criminal infection, express a negative attitude towards order and conditions of serving sentences and do not obey the legal requirements of correctional staff. A generalization of the personal characteristics of employees who unlawfully use physical force and (or) special means indicating that they are characterized by positive psychological qualities in general. They strive to be guided by the regulations governing the professional activities of the penal system officer and are positively active in fulfilling their duties. The most probable reasons for the unlawful use of forceful methods of influence against convicts are related to the nature of the unlawful actions of such convicts, provocations, negative features of service due to the specifics of places of deprivation of liberty. Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of negative phenomena in domestic politics can have a positive impact on improving the functioning of the penal correction system, which is in line with legal regulations of a national and international nature.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Пенитенциарная преступность</kwd><kwd>профилактика пенитенциарной преступности</kwd><kwd>физическая сила</kwd><kwd>специальные средства</kwd><kwd>осужденные к лишению свободы</kwd><kwd>лишение свободы</kwd><kwd>уголовно-исполнительная система</kwd><kwd>исправительное учреждение</kwd><kwd>применение специальных средств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Penitentiary crime</kwd><kwd>prevention of penitentiary crime</kwd><kwd>physical force</kwd><kwd>special means</kwd><kwd>prisoner</kwd><kwd>imprisonment</kwd><kwd>penal system</kwd><kwd>correctional institution</kwd><kwd>use of special means</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shandra B.B. The change of person’s worldview in the process of the criminal world subculture formation / B.B. Shandra, I.Y. Ostapets // Sciences of Europe. – 2019. – Vol. 36, № 3. – Рp. 64–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shandra B.B., Ostapets I.Yu. Changing the worldview of a person in the process of forming a subculture of the criminal world. Science of Europe, 2019, no. 36-3, pр. 64–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tygart C.E. Criminal subculture influence among middle-class and nonaffluent youth / C.E. Tygart // Urban Education. – 1981. – Vol. 15, № 4. – РP. 481–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tigart K.E. The influence of criminal subculture among representatives of the middle class and wealthy youth. Urban education. 1981, vol. 15, no. 4, pр. 481–484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards S.C. USP Marion. The first federal supermax / S.C. Richards // The Prison Journal. – 2008. – Vol. 88, № 1. – Рp. 6–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards S.S. USP Marion. The first federal supermax. The Prison Journal, 2008, vol. 88, no. 1, pр. 6–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.М. Длительные сроки лишения свободы в отношении осужденных мужчин (уголовно-правовые и уголовно-исполнительные аспекты): дис. … канд. юрид. наук / А.М. Смирнов. – Вологда, 2009. – 247 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.M. Criminal law and penal aspects. Cand. Diss. Vologda, 2009. 247 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Echeburúa E. Psychopathological profile of men convicted of gender violence. A study in the prisons of Spain / E. Echeburúa, Ja. Fernández-Montalvo, P.J. Amor // Journal of Interpersonal Violence. – 2003. – Vol. 18, № 7. – Рp. 798–812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Echeburúa E., Fernández-Montalvo Ja., Amor P.J. Psychopathological profile of men convicted of gender-based violence. A study in prisons in Spain. Journal of interpersonal violence, 2003, vol. 18, no. 7, pр. 798–812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спасенников Б.А. Природа половых эксцессов осужденных и основные направления их профилактики в условиях исправительных учреждений нового вида / Б.А. Спасенников, А.М. Смирнов // Уголовно-исполнительное право. – 2011. – № 2. – С. 33–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spasennikov B.A., Smirnov A.M. Sexual excesses of convicts and the main directions of their protection in conditions of correctional institutions of a new kind. Ugolovno-ispolnitel'noye prаvo = Penal law, 2011, no. 2, pр. 33–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириллов М.А. Частная жизнь осужденных к лишению свободы как объект правового регулирования / М.А. Кириллов, А.Л. Санташов, М.А. Ступалова // Уголовно-исполнительное право. – 2014. – № 11. – С. 24–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillov M.A., Santashov A.L., Stupalova M.A. The personal life of prisoners as an object of legal regulation. Ugolovno-ispolnitel'noye pravo= Penal law, 2014, no. 11, pр. 24–28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson H.D. Peer conflict avoidance: associations with loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance / H.D. Johnson, J.C. LaVoie, M.C. Spenceri // Psychological Reports. – 2001. – Vol. 88, № 1. – Рp. 227–235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson H.D., LaVoy J.S., Spencery M.S. Conflict avoidance with peers: associations with loneliness, social anxiety and social avoidance. Psychological reports, 2001, vol. 88, no. 1, pр. 227–235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каштанова О.В. Контексты социального одиночества и социальный конфликт / О.В. Каштанова. – Казань: Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет, 2015. – 132 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashtanova O.V. Contexts of social loneliness and social conflict. Kazan, Kazan National Research Technological University, 2015. 132 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Криминология / под общ. ред. А.И. Долговой. – 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: НОРМА, 2007. – 912 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgova A.I. (ed.). Criminology. Moscow, NORMA Publ., 2007. 912 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бубнова Ю.Г. Проблемы формирования профессиональной мотивации будущих сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы / Ю.Г. Бубнова // Уголовно-исполнительная система: право, экономика, управление. – 2014. – № 1. – С. 24–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bubnova Yu.G. Problems of forming professional motivation of future employees of the penal system. Ugolovno-ispolnitel'naya sistema = Criminal-Executory System: law, economy, management, 2014, no. 1, pр. 24–26. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maslach С. Maslach Burnout Inventory manual / С. Maslach, S.Е. Jackson. – Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1986. – P. 83–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslach S., Jackson S.E. Maslach Burnout Inventory manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1986. Pp. 83–87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.М. Феномен правового нигилизма в российском обществе и готовность граждан к внесудебным способам разрешения криминальных конфликтов / А.М. Смирнов // Пробелы в российском законодательстве. – 2014. – № 3. – С. 143–146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.M. The phenomenon of legal nihilism in Russian society and citizens ' readiness for non-judicial ways to resolve criminal conflicts. Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve = Gaps in Russian law, 2014, no. 3, pр. 143–146. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вилкова А.В. Психология и педагогика в профессиональной деятельности воспитателя / А.В. Вилкова, Н.П. Гнедова // Уголовно-исполнительная система: право, экономика, управление. – 2014. – № 3. – С. 12–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vilkova A.V., Gnedova N.P. Psychology and pedagogy in the professional activity of the teacher. Ugolovno-ispolnitel'naya sistema = Criminal-Executory System: law, economy, management, 2014, no. 3, pр. 12–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Е.Л. Профессиональные трансформации сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений / Е.Л. Трофимова // Психология в экономике и управлении. – 2016. – Т. 8, № 1-2. – С. 36–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trofimova E.L. Professional transformations of prison staff. Psikhologiya v ekonomike i upravlenii = Psychology in Economics and Management, 2016, vol. 8, no. 1-2, pр. 36–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапов А.М. Социальный контроль за лицами, отбывшими наказание в виде лишения свободы / А.М. Потапов, А.Л. Санташов // Вестник института: преступление, наказание, исправление. – 2012. – № 2. – С. 94–98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapov A.M., Santashov A.L. Social control over persons serving a sentence of imprisonment. Vestnik instituta: prestupleniye, nakazaniye, ispravleniye = Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction, 2012, no. 2, pр. 94–98. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
