<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).35-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обратная связь - острая проблема правового регулирования публичных финансов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Performance information - the critical issue of public finance legal regulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-3615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шохин</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shokhin</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шохин Сергей Олегович - доктор юридических наук, профессор, Заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, профессор кафедры административного и финансового права.119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76.Researcher ID: C-5244-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey O. Shokhin - Doctor of law, Professor, Honoured Lawyer of the Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Administrative and Financial Law MGIMO University.76, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454.Researcher ID: C-5244-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorsos07@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-5794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова Екатерина Валерьевна - доктор юридических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела финансового, налогового и бюджетного законодательства.117218, Москва, Большая Черемушкинская ул., 34.Researcher ID: D-2011-2009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kudryashova - Doctor of Law, leading researcher, Department of Financial, Tax and Budget Legislation The Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation.34, Bol'shaya Cheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117218.Researcher ID: D-2011-2009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ev_kudryashova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шохин С.О., Кудряшова Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шохин С.О., Кудряшова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shokhin S.O., Kudryashova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/385">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/385</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуется обратная связь как необходимое звено в управлении государственными финансами. Отмечается, что ключевая причина неэффективности обратной связи -пассивность пользователя информации. Приводятся примеры из зарубежной практики, которые демонстрируют положительные и отрицательные стороны применяемых подходов к учету обратной связи в публичной финансовой деятельности. В частности, обсуждается система рейтинговых оценок государственных программ в США и причины отказа от нее. Делается вывод о том, что на субъект управления, принимающий решения, законодательными средствами необходимо возложить обязанность оценивать информацию о результатах и использовать ее для принятия последующих решений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject. The paper is focused on the study of the role of performance information in the decision-making process on public finance with particular accent on the legal aspects of the issue.The purpose. We aim to show that the performance results have a little impact on the public finance allocation in the next management cycle. Nowadays the financial resolutions are taken not on the basis of the results, but apart from them. The problem can be identified in many countries and currently discussed on the international level. We make an attempt to identify the main reasons for this. The research is elaborating the possible solutions for the problem and presenting possible amendments to the legislation.The methodology. The multidisciplinary approach is employed in this research as the problem is covered by different social sciences like law, economics and politics. The methods of analysis and synthesis are relevant for this paper. The examples and illustrations from different countries all over the world constitute the empirical part of the article.The main results and conclusions. The key reason for the omission or misuse of performance results in public finance is the passive role of the user of the performance information. There is a lack of legal incentives for using the performance results for those who take the financial decisions. Those who take the decisions in public finance governance should have an obligation to assess the performance information and use it for the further resolutions.Scope of the research outcome application. This research shall have substantial impact on the development of adequate legal model for the performance information use in public finance allocation. If the legal obligation to use the performance information is introduced it will have positive impact on the legal regulation of public finance in Russia. This can be relevant for the international studies of the issue and for the legal regulation of financial governance in other countries as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансовый контроль</kwd><kwd>обратная связь</kwd><kwd>программный бюджет</kwd><kwd>ориентированное на результат бюджетирование</kwd><kwd>управление финансами</kwd><kwd>бюджетное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>financial control</kwd><kwd>performance information</kwd><kwd>program budgeting</kwd><kwd>performance budgeting</kwd><kwd>financial governance</kwd><kwd>budgetary law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evaluation in Public Sector Reform. Concepts and Practice in International Perspective / ed. by H. Wollmann. - Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2003. - 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wollmann H. (ed.). Evaluation in Public Sector Reform. Concepts and Practice in International Perspective. Cheltenham and Northampton, Edward Elgar, 2003. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев А.Н. Измерение эффективности и оценивание в государственном управлении: международный опыт: препринт WP8/2005/01 / А.Н. Беляев, Е.С. Кузнецова, М.В. Смирнова, Д.Б. Цыганков. - М.: Изд. дом ГУ ВШЭ, 2005. - 54, [2] с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaev A.N., Kuznetsova E.S., Tsigankov D.B. The measurement of the effectiveness and the assessment of state programs: the international experience, preprint WP8/2005/01. Moscow, HSE Publ., 2005. 54 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Performance Budgeting in OECD Countries / OECD. - Paris: OECD Publishing, 2007. - 222 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Performance Budgeting in OECD Countries. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2007. 222 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов И.В. О типах административно-правового управления / И.В. Фролов // Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Право. - 2014. - № 3 - С. 83-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov I.V. About the types of administrative-legal management. Vestnik VGU. Seriya: Pravo = Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Law, 2014, no. 3, pp. 83-95. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дондоков З.Б. О мониторинге реализации документов стратегического планирования Республики Бурятия / З.Б. Дондоков // Вестник Бурятского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. - 2016. - № 4 (24). - С. 138-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dondokov Z.B. About the monitoring of the strategic planning documents implementation in the Republic of Buryatiya. Vestnik Buryatskogo nauchnogo tsentra Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = The Bulletin of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016, no. 4, pp. 138-142. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудряшова Е.В. Правовое регулирование стратегического планирования в сфере государственных финансов / Е.В. Кудряшова. - М.: Инфра-М, 2019. - 304 с. - DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.12737/monography_5bc0b21960f611.53732882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryashova E.V. Legal regulation of strategic planning in public finance. Moscow, Infra-M publ., 2019. 304 p. DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.12737/monography_5bc0b21960f611.53732882. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цветков О.Н. От управления затратами к управлению результатами: информационно-аналитическая система управления реализацией стратегии социально-экономического развития / О.Н. Цветков // Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. - 2010. - № 2. - С. 23-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov O.N. From the management of costs to the management of results: information-analytic system of the social-economic strategy. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i munitsipal'nogo upravleniya = Public administration issues, 2010, no. 2, p. 23-39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудряшова Е.В. Финансовая безопасность в иерархии целей стратегического планирования в Российской Федерации / Е.В. Кудряшова // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. - 2019. - № 2. - С. 124-138. -DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2019.2.124.138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryashova E. Financial Safety within Hierarchy of Strategic Planning Purposes in Russian Federation. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2019, no 2, pp. 124-138. DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2019.2.124.138 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shick A. The metamorphoses of performance budgeting / A. Shick // OECD Journal on Budgeting. - 2013. -№ 2. - P. 1-33. - DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-13-5jz2jw9szgs8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shick A. The metamorphoses of performance budgeting. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2013, no. 2, pp. 1-33. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-13-5jz2jw9szgs8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moynihan D. Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting. Lessons from the Experiences of Seven Reforming Countries / D. Moynihan, I. Beazley. - Washington DC: the World Bank, 2016. - 187 p. - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0954-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moynihan D., Beazley I. Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting. Lessons from the Experiences of Seven Reforming Countries. The World Bank, 2016. 187 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0954-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Posner P. Role of the Legislation in the Budget Process: Recent Trends and Innovations / P. Posner, C.-K. Park // OECD Journal on Budgeting. - 2007. - № 7/3. - P. 1-26. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v7-art15-en.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posner P., Park C.-K. Role of the Legislation in the Budget Process: Recent Trends and Innovations. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2007, no. 7/3, pp. 1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v7-art15-en.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shashkova A.V. Questioning State Corporations as Special Forms of Legal Entities / A.V. Shashkova et al. // International Journal of Economics &amp; Business Administration. -2019. - Vol. VII, special issue 1. - P. 186-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shashkova A.V. et al. Questioning State Corporations as Special Forms of Legal Entities, International Journal of Economics &amp; Business Administration, 2019, vol. VII, special issue 1, pp. 186-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noman Z. Performance Budgeting in the United Kingdom / Z. Noman // OECD Journal on Budgeting. -2018. - № 8/1. - P. 1-16. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v8-art4-en.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noman Z. Performance Budgeting in the United Kingdom. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2018, no. 8/1, pp. 116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v8-art4-en.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богачева О.В. Формирование условий для проведения обзоров расходов в России / О.В. Богачева, О.В. Смородинов // Финансовый журнал. - 2019. - №1. - С. 21-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogacheva O.V. Smorodinov O.V. The formation of the conditions for the reviewing the expenditures in Russia. Finansovyi zhurnal = Financial Journal, 2019, no. 1, pp. 21-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues Marquez J. La evolucion del gasto publico // Cinco Dias. El Pais Economia. - 2016. - June 13. -URL: https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2016/06/13/economia/1465835047_849103.html (дата обращения: 01.04.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues Marquez J. La evoludon del gasto publico. Cinco Dias. El Pais Economia. 2016 June 13. Available at: https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2016/06/13/economia/1465835047_849103.html (accessed on 01.04.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD Budget Review: Germany // OECD Journal on budgeting. - 2014. - №. 2. - P. 1-83. - DOI: https:// dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-v14-2-en. - URL: https://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/Budget-Review-Germany.pdf (дата обращения: 01.02.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD Budget Review: Germany. OECD Journal on budgeting, 2014, no. 2, pp. 1-83. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-v14-2-en. - URL: https://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/Budget-Review-Germany.pdf (accessed on: 01.02.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова Ж.Н. Фискальное регулирование ЕС и консолидация бюджета в странах Вишеградской группы / Ж.Н. Комиссарова, Е.А. Сергеев // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. - 2019. - №. 3. - С. 131-158. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-131-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komissarova Zh.N., Sergeev E.A. EU fiscal governance and budget consolidation in Visegrad countries. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 2019, no. 3, pp. 131-158; https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-131-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quality of public finances: spending reviews for smarter expenditure allocation in the euro area. Key insights from April-May 2017. Commission survey addressed to euro area Member States. - European Commission, 2017. - URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/23582/eg-15-june-2017_note-on-spending-reviews.pdf (дата обращения: 12.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quality of public finances: spending reviews for smarter expenditure allocation in the euro area. Key insights from April-May 2017 Commission survey addressed to euro area Member States. European Commission, 2017. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/23582/eg-15-june-2017_note-on-spending-reviews.pdf (accessed on: 12.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapala M. Performance Budgeting: a means to improve EU spending / M. Sapala. - European Parliamentary Research Service, 2018. - URL: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2018/608724/EPRS_IDA(2018)608724_EN.pdf (дата обращения: 29.04 2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapala M. Performance Budgeting: a means to improve EU spending. European Parliamentary Research Service, 2018. URL: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2018/608724/EPRS_IDA(2018)608724_EN.pdf (accessed on: 29.04.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shokhin S. Macroeconomic Co-ordination in the Eurasian Economic Union: Strategic Aspects / S. Shokhin, E. Kudryashova // Russian Law Journal. - 2019. - Vol. 7, № 3. - P. 38-52. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2019-7-3-38-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokhin S., Kudryashova E. Macroeconomic Co-ordination in the Eurasian Economic Union: Strategic Aspects. Russian Law Journal, 2019, vol.7, no.3, pp. 38-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2019-7-3-38-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willoughby K. Program Evaluation Performance Budgeting and PART: The US Federal Government Experience / K. Willoughby, P. Benson. - International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 2011. - Working Paper Series, paper 1112. - 25 p. - URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254391754_Program_Evaluation_Performance_Budgeting_and_PART_The_US_Federal_Government_Experience (дата обращения: 29.04 2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willoughby K., Benson P. Program Evaluation Performance Budgeting and PART: The US Federal Government Experience. International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 2011. Working Paper Series, paper 1112. 25 p. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254391754_Program_Evaluation_Performance_Budgeting_and_PART_The_US_Federal_Government_Experience (accessed on: 29.04 2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stalebrink O. Federal performance budgeting and the US system of separation of powers: an examination of the program assessment rating tool / O. Stalebrink, V. Frisco // International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management. - 2015. - Vol. 2, № 3. - P. 283-302. - DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2015.067817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stalebrink O., Frisco V. Federal performance budgeting and the US system of separation of powers: an examination of the program assessment rating tool. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 2015, vol.2, no. 3, pp. 283-302. DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2015.067817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shashkova A.V. Regulating Principles of Disclosure of Information to Shareholders in accordance with Modified Principles G20 / A.V. Shashkova / OECD // Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2019: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020. - Granada: IBIMA Publ., 2019. - P. 1931-1936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shashkova A.V. Regulating Principles of Disclosure of Information to Shareholders in accordance with Modified Principles G20 / OECD, in: Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2019: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020. Granada, IBIMA Publ., 2019. P. 1931-1936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dull M. Why PART? The institutional politics of Presidential Budget Reform / M. Dull // Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. - 2006. - Vol. 16, № 2. - P. 187-215. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muj004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dull M. Why PART? The institutional politics of Presidential Budget Reform // Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 2006, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 187-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muj004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
