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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).124-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-394</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО СЛЕДСТВИЯ И ДОЗНАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE BODIES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AND INQUIRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Общественная опасность преступления: понятие и критерии верификации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public danger of crime: the concept and criteria of verification</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопашенко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopashenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лопашенко Наталия Александровна - доктор юридических наук, профессор, лауреат Национальной премии по литературе в области права, заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, профессор кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 2485-7319</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Lopashenko - Doctor of Law, Professor, Winner of the National prize for literature in the field of law, Honoured Lawyer of the Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.RSCI SPIN-code: 2485-7319</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lopashenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-2144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голикова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голикова Арина Владимировна - кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 4995-4203</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina V. Golikova - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.RSCI SPIN-code: 4995-4203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golikovaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобзева Елена Васильевна - кандидат юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 4691-7867</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kobzeva - PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law .Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.RSCI SPIN-code: 4691-7867</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evkobzeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-5493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковлагина</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovlagina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковлагина Дарья Александровна - кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 3130-0801</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya A. Kovlagina - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 3130-0801</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kov-darya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-436X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапунин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapunin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапунин Михаил Михайлович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 6675-3670</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Lapunin - PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.RSCI SPIN-code: 6675-3670</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lapuninm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хутов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хутов Казбек Мухамедович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права СГЮА.410035, Саратов, ул. Вольская, 1.SPIN-код РИНЦ: 8165-9370</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazbek M. Khutov - PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of Criminal and Criminal Executive Law Saratov State Law Academy.1, Vol'skaya ul., Saratov, 410035.RSCI SPIN-code: 8165-9370</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hutov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Саратовская государственная юридическая академия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saratov State Law Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лопашенко Н.А., Голикова А.В., Кобзева Е.В., Ковлагина Д.A., Лапунин М.М., Хутов К.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лопашенко Н.А., Голикова А.В., Кобзева Е.В., Ковлагина Д.A., Лапунин М.М., Хутов К.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lopashenko N.A., Golikova A.V., Kobzeva E.V., Kovlagina D.A., Lapunin M.M., Khutov K.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/394">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/394</self-uri><abstract><p>Раскрываются теоретические, лексические и логические подходы к определению сущности общественной опасности преступления, проводится объективизация данной уголовно-правовой категории посредством выявления системы верифицированных факторов и тем самым формируется представление об основании дифференциации преступлений и административных правонарушений, а равно юридической ответственности за их совершение. Отмечается, что общественная опасность преступления как законодательной или теоретической конструкции представляет собой возможность негативных изменений в обществе, которые определены в самом уголовном законе, и в этом смысле преступление опасно. Общественная опасность преступления как факта действительности лишена смысла, поскольку преступление - и есть негативные изменения и наступивший вред. Выделяются обязательные и факультативные признаки общественной опасности. Делается вывод о том, что в качестве критериев общественной опасности поведения не должны выступать количественные показатели (размер, тяжесть, иная величина) предмета посягательства и его общественно опасных последствий, а равно повторность совершения деяния и наличие специального рецидива преступлений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject. The article reveals theoretical, lexical and logical approaches to determining the essence of the public danger of crime.The purpose of the article is to confirm or dispute hypothesis that the public danger of crime as a legal or theoretical construction represents the possibility of negative changes in society; public danger is an exclusive social feature of criminal acts. The authors also aim to develop a system of verifiable criteria for public danger.The methodology of the research is an objective assessment of the public danger as legal category. It is performed selecting a system of verified factors of public danger on the basis of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, interpretation of legal literature.The main results, scope of application. The meaning of the legal definition of a crime contains the purpose of preventing possible harm to society stipulated in the criminal law. This fact is due to the preventive task (part 1 of article 2 of the Russian Criminal Code). The public danger of crime as a phenomenon of objective reality is meaningless, since the crime is the negative changes and harm that has occurred. The social danger of crime creates a shock to the foundations of society, undermines the conditions of its existence. Other ("non-criminal") offenses that contradict the established law and order in the state do not threaten the basic system of social values. Intersectoral differentiation of legal responsibility should have transitivity, which includes a rule: the degree of repression of coercive measures within various branches of law meets the rules of hierarchy. Mandatory signs of public danger of a crime are that the act: 1) affects significant social relations that need criminal legal protection from causing harm to them by socially dangerous behavior; 2) has a harmful potential that is fraught with causing significant harm or creating a threat of causing such harm to the object of criminal legal protection; 3) results in socially dangerous consequences; 4) is characterized by the guilty attitude of the subject to the deed, expressed in the form of intent or carelessness. Optional criteria of public danger of act are: the characteristics of the crime and characteristics of victim; method of committing a crime; the time, place, atmosphere, instruments and means of committing the crime; the motive; the object of the crime; special characteristics of the perpetrator. The quantitative indicators (size, severity, or other value) of the subject of the offense and its socially dangerous consequences, as well as the repetition of the act and the presence of a special recidivism of crimes should not be used as criteria for public danger of behavior.Conclusions. Public danger is a social feature exclusively of criminal acts (crimes and potential criminal misdemeanors); all other types of offenses are harmful to the interests of society, but they do not pose a danger to it. To exclude competition between criminal and administrative responsibility, it is necessary to take into account the public danger of the crime on the basis of verifiable factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общественная опасность</kwd><kwd>вредоносность</kwd><kwd>преступление</kwd><kwd>уголовный проступок</kwd><kwd>административное правонарушение</kwd><kwd>малозначительность деяния</kwd><kwd>межотраслевая дифференциация юридической ответственности</kwd><kwd>дифференциация уголовной ответственности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public danger</kwd><kwd>harmfulness</kwd><kwd>crime</kwd><kwd>criminal misdemeanor</kwd><kwd>administrative offense</kwd><kwd>insignificance of the act</kwd><kwd>intersectoral differentiation of legal responsibility</kwd><kwd>differentiation of criminal responsibility</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-011-00665 А.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-011-00665 А.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понятовская Т.Г. 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