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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(2).99-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-483</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оговорки и заявления в практике международных налоговых договоров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reservations and declarations to tax treaties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-5089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаванова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khavanova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаванова Инна Александровна – доктор юридических наук; профессор департамента публичного права; профессор департамента налогов и налогового администрирования</p><p>101000, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20</p><p>125993, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинградский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna A. Khavanova – Doctor of Law; Professor, Department of Public Law; Professor, Department of Taxes and Tax Administration</p><p>20, Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow, 101000, Russia</p><p>49, Leningradskii pr., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikhavanova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет – Высшая школа экономики; Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University – Higher School of Economics; Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хаванова И.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаванова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khavanova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/483">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/483</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуются концептуальные особенности и проблемы применения оговорок и заявлений к Многосторонней конвенции по выполнению мер, относящихся к налоговым соглашениям, в целях противодействия размыванию налоговой базы и выводу прибыли из-под налогообложения, которая разработана в рамках реализации Плана ОЭСР/G20 по противодействию размыванию налоговой базы и выводу прибыли из-под налогообложения (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)).</p><p>Отмечается, что до недавнего времени оговорки играли незначительную роль в международном налогообложении, как правило, отражая разногласие, выраженное страной – членом ОЭСР, относительно положений Модельной налоговой конвенции ОЭСР или Официального комментария к ней. Оговорки формулировались в отношении необязательного (модельного) документа, их юридическая ценность была ограничена. Подобного рода оговорки не могут быть отождествлены с заявлениями, сделанными в отношении юридически обязательных документов, таких как Многосторонняя налоговая конвенция. Анализируя основные положения научной дискуссии по данной проблематике, автор полемизирует с исследователями, которые полагают, что конструкция оговорок к Многосторонней налоговой конвенции не соответствует положениям об оговорках Венской конвенции о праве международных договоров 1969 г., и квалифицируют данные оговорки как «юридические гибриды».</p><p>Делается вывод, что конструкция оговорок к Многосторонней налоговой конвенции обусловлена особенностями соглашений об избежании двойного налогообложения. Модельный принцип нормотворчества (использование Модельной налоговой конвенции ОЭСР) сделал возможным разработку «зонтичной» архитектуры отношений между положениями Многосторонней налоговой конвенции и нормами соглашений об избежании двойного налогообложения. Приводится классификация оговорок, в частности выделяются оговорки общего характера и оговорки «по кругу договоров», рассматривается специфика оговорок к положениям Конвенции, составляющим минимальный стандарт.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the article. The article represents a research of conceptual properties and issues of applying reservations and declarations to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, developed in frames of implementing the OECD/G20 Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). The Multilateral Tax Convention modifies the application of agreements for avoiding double taxation, that are covered by its action. Since January 1, 2021 it has been applied to 34 agreements for avoiding double taxation between the Russian Federation and such countries as the UK, Canada, Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands and France. The Multilateral Tax Convention provides for updating bilateral tax treaties – whether they were developed upon the OECD Model Tax Convention or the UN Model Tax convention. The Convention retains a great degree of flexibility in relation to the implementation of its provisions – especially by the means of reservations, made by the countries.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to identify the main characteristics of applying reservations and declarations in international tax law.</p><sec><title>The methodology</title><p>The methodology.The study is based on empirical methods of comparison and description, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic.</p></sec><sec><title>The main results</title><p>The main results. Reservations have played a minor role in international taxation until now – usually they reflected disagreement, expressed by an OECD member country with the provisions of the OECD Model Tax Convention or its Official commentary. Reservations were formulated in relation to a non-binding (model) document and their importance was limited. Such reservations cannot be associated with declarations, made in relation to legally binding documents like the Multilateral Tax Convention. Analyzing the general points of scientific dispute upon the mentioned range of issues, the author argues with researchers who deem that the structure of reservations to the Multilateral Tax Convention doesn’t correspond with the provisions over reservations in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 and thus recognize those reservations as “legal hybrids”.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The structure of reservations to the International Tax Convention is deter-mined by the nature of double taxation agreements. The model lawmaking principle (the use of the OECD Model Tax Convention) allowed developing “umbrella” architecture of relationships between the provisions of the Multilateral Tax Convention and the norms of double taxation agreements. The article categorizes types of reservations as reservations of general nature and treaty-specific reservations. The article also considers the specific properties of reservations made in relation to the provisions of the Convention, which com-pose a minimal standard.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Оговорка</kwd><kwd>заявление</kwd><kwd>международный налоговый договор</kwd><kwd>Многосторонняя конвенция</kwd><kwd>размывание налоговой базы</kwd><kwd>вывод прибыли из-под налогообложения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Reservation</kwd><kwd>declaration</kwd><kwd>tax treaty</kwd><kwd>Multilateral Convention</kwd><kwd>base erosion</kwd><kwd>profit shifting</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппов С.В. Оговорки в теории и практике международного договора / С.В. 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