<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).187-196</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА СУДЕБНЫМИ ОРГАНАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE JUDGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовые проблемы применения психиатрических мер принудительного характера в России и Республике Беларусь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal problems of use of compulsory psychiatric treatment in Russia and Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-1697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санташов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Santashov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санташов Андрей Леонидович – доктор юридических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник (по социологическим исследованиям) научно-исследовательского отдела факультета подготовки научно-педагогических кадров и организации научно-исследовательской работы</p><p>125080, г. Москва, ул. Врубеля, 12 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Santashov – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher (on Sociological Research), Research Department, Faculty of Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel and Organization of Research Work</p><p>12, Vrubelya ul., Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">santashov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-8734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашинский</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashinskiy</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кашинский Михаил Юльевич – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, полковник милиции, докторант научно-педагогического факультета</p><p>220005, г. Минск, пр. Машерова, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mihail Yu. Kashinskiy – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Police Colonel, Postdoc, Scientific and Pedagogical Faculty</p><p>6, Masherova pr., Minsk, 220005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.kashinsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-9810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарабуев</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarabuev</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарабуев Леонид Николаевич – кандидат юридических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры боевой и тактико-специальной подготовки инженерно-экономического факультета</p><p>160002, г. Вологда, ул. Щетинина, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid N. Tarabuev – PhD in Law, senior lecturer, chair of combat and tactical-special training, faculty of engineering and economics,</p><p>2, Shetinina ul., Vologda, 160002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tarabuev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московская академия Следственного комитета Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия МВД Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вологодский институт права и экономики ФСИН России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Санташов А.Л., Кашинский М.Ю., Тарабуев Л.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Санташов А.Л., Кашинский М.Ю., Тарабуев Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Santashov A.L., Kashinskiy M.Y., Tarabuev L.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/570">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/570</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуется институт психиатрических мер принудительного характера и его законодательная регламентация в законодательстве Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации. Анализируется специфика белорусского и российского уголовного законодательства. Высказаны предложения о необходимости совершенствования законодательной регламентации психиатрических мер принудительного характера в уголовных кодексах Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the research is the problems of legislative regulation of compulsory psychiatric measures in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that there are defects in legislative regulation that prevent the effective use of compulsory psychiatric treatment. They are not eliminated in the Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Research methodology. On the basis of a system-integrated approach on an interdisciplinary basis, a scientific analysis of special legal and forensic psychiatric scientific literature and interpretation of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation were carried out.</p><sec><title>Main results</title><p>Main results. An analysis of the Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation showed that compulsory psychiatric treatment is an independent institution of criminal law, which is regulated in sufficient detail in the national criminal legislation. The article includes a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the criminal legislation of both states (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate psychiatric coercive measures applied to persons with mental disorders who have committed illegal acts. Based on the results of the study, a number of problems were identified in the legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal codes of both states, the authors propose directions for further improvement of the current criminal legislation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation contain only general criteria for choosing the type of psychiatric measures of a coercive nature, in the most general form, the procedure for their change and termination is provided, they need editorial clarification of their purpose. There is no legislative definition of the concepts of “coercive security measures and treatment” (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and “compulsory measures of a medical nature” (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), etc., which causes serious difficulties in law enforcement practice and indicates the need to continue work to improve the current criminal legislation.</p><p>The terminology used “coercive and security measures and treatment” (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and “coercive measures of a medical nature” (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) does not reflect the specifics of these measures, which in their essence and content are exclusively psychiatric measures. The identified problems of legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal legislation of both states require their further resolution, and based on the interdisciplinary medico-legal nature of the problems involved, with the obligatory involvement of forensic psychiatrists in their solution.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>compulsory psychiatric treatment</kwd><kwd>compulsory measures of a medical nature</kwd><kwd>compulsory measures of safety and treatment</kwd><kwd>mental disorder</kwd><kwd>criminality of persons with mental disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шеслер А. В. Общественная опасность лица как основание применения к нему принудительных мер медицинского характера / А. В. Шеслер, А. В. Веселовская // Всероссийский криминологический журнал. – 2021. – Т. 15. – № 4. – С. 426–433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shesler A.V., Veselovskaya A.V. Public danger of a person as a basis for applying compulsory medical measures. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal = Russian Journal of Criminology, 2021, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 426–433. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меркурьев В. В. Уголовно-правовые меры, обеспечивающие реализацию лечения социально значимых заболеваний: обязательное применение или выборочное дополнение / В. В. Меркурьев, А. В. Звонов, А. А. Яковлев // Всероссийский криминологический журнал. – 2021. – Т. 15, № 3. – С. 332–340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merkur’ev V.V., Zvonov A.V., Yakovlev A.A. Criminal law measures providing for the treatment of socially significant diseases: a mandatory application or a selective addition. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal = Russian Journal of Criminology, 2021, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 332–340. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова М. А. Принудительные меры медицинского характера в уголовном законодательстве некоторых зарубежных государств / М. А. Маркова // Право.by. – 2017. – № 1 (45). – С. 77–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova M.A. Compulsory medical measures in the criminal law of some foreign states. Pravo.by, 2017, no. 1 (45), pp. 77–82. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тепляшин П. В. Концепция развития уголовно-исполнительной системы России в свете интерпретированных принципов европейской пенитенциарной практики / П. В. Тепляшин // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. – 2020. – Т. 11. – Вып. 1. – С. 129–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplyashin P.V. Concept of the development of the Russian penitentiary system in light of interpreted principles of European penitentiary practice. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 2020, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 129–139. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чупрова О. Н. Дифференциация ответственности в уголовном праве стран континентальной Европы и России / О. Н. Чупрова, В. Г. Белоус. – Архангельск : Ин-т управления, 2015. – 197 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuprova O.N., Belous V.G. Differentiation of responsibility in criminal law of Continental Europe and Russia. Arkhangelsk, Institute of Management Publ., 2015. 197 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахраменка Н. Ф. Научно-практический комментарий к Уголовному кодексу Республики Беларусь / Н. Ф. Ахраменка ; под ред. А. В. Баркова, В. М. Хомича. – Минск : ГИУСТ БГУ, 2007. – 1007 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhramenka N.F. Scientific and practical commentary to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, ed. by A.V. Barkov, V.M. Khomich. Minsk, GIUST BGU Publ., 2007. 1007 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бимбинов А. А. Развитие медицинского уголовного права в Германии и России / А. А. Бимбинов, Д. Штаге // Всероссийский криминологический журнал. – 2021. – Т. 15, № 4. – С. 456–465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bimbinov A.A., Shtage D. The development of medical criminal law in Germany and in Russia. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal = Russian Journal of Criminology, 2021, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 456–465. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малиновский А. А. Сравнительное правоведение в сфере уголовного права : моногр. / А. А. Малиновский. – М. : Международные отношения, 2002. – 376 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malinovskii A.A. Comparative criminal law, Monograph. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ., 2002. 376 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылова Н. Н. Уголовное право зарубежных стран (Англии, США, Франции, Германии) / Н. Н. Крылова, А. В. Серебрянникова. – М. : Зерцало, 1997. – 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylova N.N., Serebryannikova A.V. Criminal law in foreign countries (England, USA, France, Germany). Moscow, Zertsalo Publ., 1997. 192 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аистова Л. С. Уголовное право зарубежных стран / Л. С. Аистова, Д. Ю. Краев. – СПб. : Акад. Ген. прокуратуры Рос. Федерации, 2013. – 132 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aistova L.S., Kraev D.Yu. Criminal law of foreign countries. St. Petersburg, Academy of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation Publ., 2013. 132 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арямов А. А. Уголовное право зарубежных государств / А. А. Арямов, В. П. Бодаевский, А. В. Кисин. – М. : КноРус, 2018. – 324 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryamov A.A., Bodaevskii V.P., Kisin A.V. Criminal law of foreign states. Moscow, KnoRus Publ., 2018. 324 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клюканова Т. М. Уголовное право зарубежных стран / Т. М. Клюканова. – СПб. : Изд-во С.-Петербург. ун-та, 2015. – 95 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyukanova T.M. Criminal law of foreign countries. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Publ., 2015. 95 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жалинский А. Э. Современное немецкое уголовное право / А. Э. Жалинский. – М. : ТК Велби : Проспект, 2006. – 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhalinskii A.E. Modern German criminal law. Moscow, TK Velbi Publ., Prospekt Publ., 2006. 560 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лун Ч. Проблемы уголовно-правовых санкций в Китае: современное состояние и перспективы развития / Ч. Лун // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. – 2020. – Т. 11, вып. 1. – С. 173–179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Changhai Long. The problem of criminal sanctions in China: current situation and prospect. Vestnik SanktPeterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 2020, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 173–179. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаптев Д. Б. О правовой природе принудительных мер медицинского характера / Д. Б. Лаптев // Российская юстиция. – 2019. – № 12. – С. 24–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laptev D.B. On the legal nature of compulsory medical measures. Rossiiskaya yustitsiya, 2019, no. 12, pp. 24–27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кашинский М. Ю. О необходимости совершенствования института принудительных мер безопасности и лечения в уголовном законодательстве / М.Ю. Кашинский // Вестник Академии МВД Республики Беларусь. – 2020. – № 2. – С. 126–131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashinskii M.Yu. On the need to improve the institution of compulsory security measures and treatment in criminal legislation. Vestnik Akademii MVD Respubliki Belarus’ = Bulletin of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, 2020, no. 2, pp. 126–131. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кашинский М. Ю. Проблемы совершенствования реализации принудительных мер безопасности и лечения в отношении лиц с уменьшенной вменяемостью / М. Ю. Кашинский // Совершенствование деятельности органов внутренних дел с учетом современных реалий : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 25-летию Независимости Республики Казахстан и 20-летию со дня основания учеб. заведения (18 нояб. 2016 г.). – Актобе : Қазақстан Республикасы ІІ М.М. Бөкенбаев атындағы Ақтөбе заң институты, 2016. – С. 104−107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashinskii M. Yu. Problems of improving the implementation of compulsory security and treatment measures for persons with diminished responsibility, in: Sovershenstvovanie deyatel'nosti organov vnutrennikh del s uchetom sovremennykh realii, the materials of the international scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the educational institution (November 18, 2016), Aktobe, Aktobe law institute of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after M. Bukenbaev, 2016, pp. 104−107. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санташов А. Л. Применение принудительных мер медицинского характера в отношении осужденных: проблемы дифференциации и индивидуализации / А. Л. Санташов, Н. М. Ефремова // Вестник института: преступление, наказание, исправление. – 2019. – № 1 (13). – С. 85–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santashov A.L., Efremova N.M. The use of compulsory medical measures against convicts: problems of differentiation and individualization. Vestnik instituta: prestuplenie, nakazanie, ispravlenie, 2019, no. 1 (13), pp. 85–89. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишков С. Н. Законодательные проблемы принудительных мер медицинского характера (глава 15 УК РФ) / С. Н. Шишков, С. Н. Полубинская // Lex Russica. – 2019. – № 6. – С. 161–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkov S.N., Polubinskaya S.N. Legislative problems of mandatory medical measures (chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Lex Russica, 2019, no. 6, pp. 161–172. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">– Спасенников Б. А. Невменяемость в уголовном праве : моногр. / Б. А. Спасенников, С. Б. Спасенников. М. : Юрлитинформ, 2013. – 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spasennikov B.A., Spasennikov S.B. Insanity in criminal law, Monograph. Moscow, Yurlitinform Publ., 2013. 256 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуковец К. Г. Принудительные меры безопасности и лечения, рекомендуемые лицам, страдающим психическим расстройством (заболеванием), направленные на предупреждение новых общественно опасных деяний, охрану и лечение таких лиц (основы судебно-психиатрической оценки, методика выполнения экспертного задания) : метод. рекомендации / К. Г. Жуковец, Ю. И. Остянко, Е. Д. Евтухович. – Минск : Гл. упр. судеб.-психиатр. экспертиз центр. аппарата Гос. ком. судеб. экспертиз Республики Беларусь, 2015. – 25 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukovets K.G., Ostyanko Yu.I., Evtukhovich E.D. Methodological recommendations on compulsory security and treatment measures recommended for persons suffering from mental disorder (illness), aimed at preventing new socially dangerous acts, protection and treatment of such persons (basics of forensic psychiatric assessment, methodology of expert assignment). Minsk, Main Department of Forensic Medical Examinations of the Central Office of the State Forensic Examinations Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 2015. 25 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shandra B. B. The change of person’s worldview in the process of the criminal world subculture formation / B. B. Shandra, I. Y. Ostapets // Sciences of Europe. – 2019. – Vol. 36, no. 3. – Р. 64–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shandra B.B., Ostapets I.Y. The change of person’s worldview in the process of the criminal world subculture formation. Sciences of Europe, 2019, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 64–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tygart C. E. Criminal subculture influence among middle-class and nonaffluent youth / C. E. Tygart // Urban Education. – 1981. – Vol. 15, № 4. – Р. 481–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tygart C.E. Criminal subculture influence among middle-class and nonaffluent youth. Urban Education, 1981, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 481–484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards S. C. USP marion. the first federal supermax / S. C. Richards // The Prison Journal. – 2008. – Vol. 88, № 1. – Р. 6–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards S.C. USP marion: the first federal supermax. The Prison Journal, 2008, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 6–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Echeburúa E. Psychopathological profile of men convicted of gender violence. A study in the prisons of Spain / E. Echeburúa, Ja. Fernández-Montalvo, P. J. Amor // Journal of Interpersonal Violence. – 2003. – Vol. 18, № 7. – Р. 798–812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Echeburúa E., Fernández-Montalvo Ja., Amor P.J. Psychopathological profile of men convicted of gender violence. A study in the prisons of Spain. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2003, vol. 18, no. 7, pр. 798–812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спасенников Б. А. Преступное поведение и психические расстройства : моногр. / Б. А. Спасенников, А. М. Смирнов, А. Н. Тихомиров. – М. : Юрлитинформ, 2016. – 198 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spasennikov B.A., Smirnov A.M., Tikhomirov A.N. Criminal behavior and mental disorders, Monograph. Moscow, Yurlitinform Publ., 2016. 198 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спасенников Б. А. Природа половых эксцессов осужденных и основные направления их профилактики в условиях исправительных учреждений нового вида / Б. А. Спасенников, А. М. Смирнов // Уголовноисполнительное право. – 2011. – № 2 (12). – С. 33–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spasennikov B.A., Smirnov A.M. The nature of prisoner’s sexual excesses and the main directions of their prevention in penal institutions of a new type. Ugolovno-ispolnitel'noe pravo = Penal Law, 2011, no. 2 (12), pp. 33–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson H. D. Peer conflict avoidance: associations with loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance / H. D. Johnson, J. C. LaVoie, M. C. Spenceri // Psychological Reports. – 2001. – Vol. 88, № 1. – Р. 227–235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson H.D., LaVoie J.C., Spenceri M.C. Peer conflict avoidance: associations with loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance. Psychological Reports, 2001, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 227–235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maslach С. Maslach Burnout Inventory (МВ1) / С. Maslach, S. Е. Jackson, M. P. Leiter, W. B. Schaufeli, R. L. Schwab. – Palo : Consulting Psychologists press, 1986. – 112 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslach С., Jackson S.Е., Leiter M.P., Schaufeli W.B., Schwab R.L. Maslach Burnout Inventory (МВ1). Palo, Consulting Psychologists press, 1986. 112 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А. М. Длительные сроки лишения свободы в отношении осужденных мужчин (уголовно-правовые и уголовно-исполнительные аспекты) : дис. … канд. юрид. наук / А. М. Смирнов. – Вологда, 2009. – 247 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.M. Long terms of imprisonment in relation to convicted men (criminal law and penal enforcement aspects), Cand. Diss. Vologda, 2009. 247 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
