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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(2).65-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международный арбитраж ad hoc – ключ к улучшению российско-японских отношений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ad hoc international arbitration is the key to improving Russian-Japanese relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефедов Борис Иванович – доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор департамента международных отношений НИУ Высшая школа экономики, профессор кафедры международного права МГИМО. ResearcherID: F-4874-2016.</p><p>101000, Москва, Мясницкая, 20; 119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Nefedov – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Professor, Department of International Relations MGIMO University; Professor, Department of International Law MGIMO University. ResearcherID: F-4874-2016.</p><p>20, Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow, 101000; 76, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boris-nefedov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-8340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Энтин</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Entin</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Энтин Марк Львович – доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой европейского права МГИМО, профессор-исследователь Балтийский ФУ им. И. Канта. ResearcherID: E-5197-2018.</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76; 236016, Калининград, ул. А. Невского, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark L. Entin – Doctor of Law, Professor; Head, European Law Department MGIMO University; Research Professor Immanuel Kant Baltic FU. ResearcherID: E-5197-2018.</p><p>76, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119454; 14, A. Nevskogo ul., Kaliningrad, 236016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">entinmark@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики; Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University; MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации; Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University; Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нефедов Б.И., Энтин М.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нефедов Б.И., Энтин М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nefedov B.I., Entin M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/631">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><p>Разбираются международно-правовые позиции России и Японии, препятствующие заключению мирного договора между ними и, как следствие, существенному улучшению отношений, в котором заинтересованы обе стороны. Показывается, в чем заключается их принципиальное отличие. На основании проведенного исследования делается вывод, что в данной ситуации единственно возможное решение – вывести спор за рамки двусторонних отношений. Для этого, в частности, предлагается учредить специальный Российско-Японский международный арбитраж ad hoc. Разъясняется и обосновывается его возможный мандат, порядок формирования и роль соглашения о создании такого арбитража в заключении мирного договора между сторонами. Показывается, как и при каких обстоятельствах деятельность указанного арбитража может оказаться успешной и принести желаемые результаты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The subject</title><p>The subject. The article discusses the international legal positions of Russia and Japan that prevent the conclusion of a peace treaty between them and impede a radical improvement in relations, which is perceived as an urgent need for both sides.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to show the fundamental differences in the official positions of the governments of Russia and Japan and suggest a fundamentally new diplomatic and legal solution to the long-standing territorial dispute among the states, which will result in finally breaking the deadlock.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. The research is based on the methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation. Materials include national and international laws and scholarly articles, books relating to Russian-Japanese relations, as well as its international legal aspects.</p><p>The main results, scope of application. The authors note that the end of the Cold War transformed Europe. Since that time there have been a reformatting of military alliances, the unification of Germany, reconciliation of the nations warring since ancient times. All these are based on the recognition of the inviolability of the outcome of the Second World War and established territorial structure. In comparison with Europe, it had smaller consequences in Asia. All previous dividing lines and lines of conflicts are preserved. Nothing was done to reunite the divided nations. Reconciliation by and large also did not happen. One of the burning problems has remained the territorial claims of Japan to Russia on the four islands of the Southern Kuril and the unresolved long-standing dispute over affiliation of the islands. The international legal position of Russia is that the legal status of the islands was determined by the results of the Second World War. Japan proceeds from the premise that the Islands historically belonged to it and the actual sovereignty of Russia over them does not change the case. Since the international legal positions of the sides do not have any common ground, it is pointless to argue about them or try to change them.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In this situation the only possible wise and fair solution is to bring the dispute beyond the framework of bilateral relations for quite a long time, which will need to be used for their radical improvement. In the article the authors explain in detail how it can be done. In particular, it is proposed to establish a special Russian-Japanese international court ad hoc. The study explains and justifies its possible mandate, the procedure of formation and the role of the agreement establishing such a Court in the conclusion of a peace treaty between the sides. It is shown how and under what circumstances the activities of the Court can be successful and bring the desired results.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Курильские острова</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>итоги Второй мировой войны</kwd><kwd>мирный договор</kwd><kwd>международный арбитраж</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Kuril Islands</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>results of the Second World War</kwd><kwd>peace treaty</kwd><kwd>international arbitration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бирюков П. Н. Курильские острова: российско-японские отношения (1920–2014 гг.) / П. Н. Бирюков // Былые Годы. – 2014. – № 34 (4). – С. 666–670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biryukov P.N. 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