pravoПравоприменениеLaw Enforcement Review2542-15142658-4050Dostoevsky Omsk State University10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(4).139-148pravo-714Research ArticleПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИTHE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIESПравовые проблемы трансформации отходов в продукцию (на примере фосфогипса)Legal problems with the transformation of waste into the products (a case study of phosphogypsum)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-5315БучаковаМ. А.BuchakovaM. A.

Бучакова Марина Александровна – доктор юридических наук, доцент, начальник кафедры конституционного и международного права,

644092, г. Омск, пр. Комарова, 7

Marina A. Buchakova – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Head, Department of  Constitutional and International Law,

7, Komarova pr., Omsk, 644092

mb290163@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-7900ВершилоН. Д.VershiloN. D.

Вершило Николай Дмитриевич – доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры экологического и земельного права, 

117418, г. Москва, ул. Новочеремушкинская, 69

Nikolai D. Vershilo – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Environmental and Land Law,

69, Novocheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117418

tvershilo@yandex.ruДизерО. А.DizerO. A.

Дизер Олег Александрович – доктор юридических наук, доцент, заместитель начальника института по научной работе,

308024, г. Белгород, ул. Горького, 71

Oleg A. Dizer – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Deputy Head for Scientific Work,

71, Gor’kogo ul., Belgorod, 308024

dizer77@mail.ruОмская академия МВД РоссииРоссияOmsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of RussiaRussian FederationРоссийский государственный университет правосудияРоссияRussian University of JusticeRussian FederationБелгородский юридический институт МВД России имени И.Д. ПутилинаРоссияBelgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. PutilinRussian Federation20222412202264139148Copyright © Бучакова М.А., Вершило Н.Д., Дизер О.А., 20222022Бучакова М.А., Вершило Н.Д., Дизер О.А.Buchakova M.A., Vershilo N.D., Dizer O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/714

Одной из проблем современных государств являются отходы производства, в связи с чем приобретет важность поиск возможностей по их переработке и превращению в продукцию. В этом аспекте интересен фосфогипс, являющийся отходом производства минеральных удобрений. На сегодняшний день он в незначительном объеме подлежит вторичной переработке. Целью статьи является выявление правовых возможностей для регулирования отношений, связанных с отходами производства в части их вторичного использования. В статье сделаны выводы о том, что процесс трансформации отходов в продукцию с юридической точки зрения должен состоять из следующих стадий: утилизация отходов (как с предварительной обработкой, так и без нее); непосредственно процесс превращения отходов в продукцию (с наличием лицензии для отходов I–IV классов опасности, соблюдением лицензионных требований, положительным заключением государственной экологической экспертизы на технологии обработки и утилизации, технику, применяемую в данном процессе, и т. п.); юридически корректное и документально оформленное признание отходов, являющихся вторичными материальными ресурсами; исключение указанных отходов, являющихся вторичными материальными ресурсами, из утверждаемых или утвержденных нормативов образования отходов и лимитов на их размещение, а также отражение их движения в журнале учета образования и движения отходов.

The subject

The subject. One of the problems of contemporary states is waste and the search for opportunities for transformation into products. In this aspect, phosphogypsum, which is a waste product of mineral fertilizers, is interesting. It is subject to recycling in a small amount now.

he purpose of the article is to identify legal possibilities for regulating relations related to industrial waste in terms of their secondary use.

The main results, scope of application. Phosphogypsum can be used for the construction of highways, dams; the production of fertilizers and salts; the production of construction products using non-recycled phosphogypsum; agriculture; in the production of gypsum binders and products made from them; in the cement industry; as a filler in various industries. With the technological possibility of recycling such waste as phosphogypsum, there is no legal possibility of their use. The absence of the necessary legal regulation of relations in the field of waste disposal, clear legally fixed criteria for classifying waste as secondary material resources and the possibility of their use, may entail certain negative consequences for economic entities.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The process of waste transformation into products from a legal point of view should consist of the following stages: waste disposal (both with and without pretreatment); the process of waste transformation into products directly (with a license for waste of hazard classes I – IV, compliance with licensing requirements, conclusion of the state environmental expertise on processing and disposal technologies, equipment used in this process, etc.). The following stage is legally correct and documented recognition of waste that is secondary material resources. The last stage is exclusion of said waste that is secondary material resources from approved waste generation standards and limits on their placement, as well as reflection of their movement in the journal of waste generation and movement.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.