Стахов Александр Иванович – доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой административного права и процесса имени Н.Г. Салищевой, главный научный сотрудник (руководитель направления) Центра исследования проблемправосудия,
117418, г. Москва, ул. Новочеремушкинская, 69
Alexander I. Stakhov – Doctor of Law, Professor; Head, Department of Administrative Law and Procedure named after N.G. Salishcheva; Chief Researcher (Head of Direction), Center for the Study of Justice Problems,
69, Novocheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117418
Порываев Сергей Александрович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры административного права и процесса имени Н.Г. Салищевой, старший научный сотрудник Центра исследования проблем правосудия,
117418, г. Москва, ул. Новочеремушкинская, 69
PhD in Law; Associate Professor, Department of Administrative Law and Procedure named after N.G. Salishcheva; Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of Justice Problems,
69, Novocheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117418
Исследуются административные споры, возникающие в российской правовой системе, однако остающиеся недостаточно изученными отечественной административно-правовой наукой. Учитывая опыт зарубежной доктрины административных споров и опираясь на передовые разработки отечественной административно-правовой науки, в частности используя функциональный подход к пониманию современной системы административных правоотношений, проводится комплексный анализ норм Конституции РФ, устанавливающих основы разрешения административных споров в отечественной правовой системе, а также административно-процессуального законодательства Российской Федерации, сформировавшегося под воздействием данных конституционных норм. В результате проведенного анализа сформулировано определение и предложена теоретическая конструкция административного спора, позволяющая отграничить данные споры от правовых споров, имеющих частноправовой характер, а также иных правовых споров, возникающих в отечественной правовой системе. В целях систематизации административных споров проведено их категорирование с использованием специальных оценочных критериев.
The subject. The article is devoted to the study of a wide variety of administrative disputes arising in the Russian legal system, but insufficiently studied by domestic administrative legal science.
The purpose of the article is scientific substantiation of the concept, key elements and system of administrative disputes in the Russian Federation, identification of the constitutional foundations for the development of the institute of administrative disputes and proceedings for the resolution of administrative disputes.
The methodology of research includes formal logic and systemic approach as well as legal-dogmatic method, method of interpretation of legal norms, method of comparative jurisprudence.
The main results, scope of application. An administrative dispute is proposed to be understood as a documented disagreement of a subject of administrative or administrative-procedural legal relations with the decision, action or inaction of a public administration body (official) or another entity implementing or assisting in the implementation of administrative public functions which, in the opinion of the applicant of the dispute violates, infringes or encumbers his subjective right. Such disagreement is addressed to the competent authority (authorized official) of the public administration or the competent court (authorized judge) in order to resolve this disagreement in a special extrajudicial or judicial administrative procedure. The key elements that make it possible to characterize an administrative dispute are: 1) the objects; 2) the matter; 3) the purposefulness of the administrative dispute. The connecting link between the presented elements of an administrative dispute is the subjective right of participants in administrative and administrative-procedural legal relations, or to put it another way – subjective law arising from administrative and administrative-procedural legal relations, which is understood as a collective category combining such a well-known legal structure as "rights, freedoms, legitimate interests", as well as individual elements of the administrative-legal status of the applicant of the dispute, established by the administrative-procedural law, which require extra-judicial or judicial protection in an administrative dispute (first of all, procedural guarantees of innocence and good faith).
Conclusions. Administrative disputes primarily arise from administrative and administrative-procedural legal relations that develop during the implementation of administrative public functions by specialized public authorities and authorized organizations, which in a generalized form are proposed to be called public administration bodies. In some cases, administrative disputes arise from administrative and administrative-procedural legal relations in which public administration bodies and their officials do not participate. These administrative disputes arise in connection with the provision of assistance to the public administration in the performance of its administrative public functions.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.