<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(4).301-313</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-725</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В ЧАСТНОМ ПРАВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN PRIVATE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правоприменение в условиях трансформации сферы труда и модернизации теории трудовых правоотношений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law enforcement in context of transformation of the labor sphere and modernization of the theory of labor relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-6323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуча</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chucha</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чуча Сергей Юрьевич – доктор юридических наук, профессор, руководитель Междисциплинарного центра правовых исследований в области трудового права и  права социального обеспечения, главный научный сотрудник сектора процессуального права,</p><p>119019, г. Москва, ул. Знаменка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Chucha – Doctor of Law, Professor; Head, Interdisciplinary Centre for Legal Research in Labor Law and Social Security Law; Chief Researcher, Sector of Procedural Law,</p><p>10, Znamenka ul., Moscow, 119019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chuchaigpan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт государства и права Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>301</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чуча С.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чуча С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/725">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/725</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются проблемы модернизации предмета трудового права и теории трудовых правоотношений в условиях трансформации сферы труда. Обосновывается конвергенция теории единого неделимого трудового правоотношения Н.Г. Александрова и теории комплекса трудовых правоотношений В.Н. Скобелкина. На базе теории множественности единых трудовых правоотношений предлагаются пути расширения предмета отрасли трудового права первоначально за счет распространения на новые отношения институтов охраны труда, социального страхования и социального партнерства. Предлагается смена презумпции доказывания наличия трудовых отношений. Обосновывается трехсубъектный состав участников системы правовых связей, возникающих при применении заемного труда, и солидарная ответственность субъектов на стороне работодателя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of research is the problems of modernization of the subject of labor law and the theory of labor relations in the context of the transformation of the labor sphere The purpose of article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that</p><p>The methodology of research is formal legal and logical interpretation of Russian Constitution and labor legislation, analysis of the academic publications concerning labor law. Based on the historical analysis of the law structuring process, the direction of development of labor law as a private-public branch of law.</p><p>The main results, scope of application. It is substantiated that the totality of elements of legal relations, characteristic of both private and public law (freely entering into labor relations on the basis of an agreement, but forced to fulfill obligations under the agreement exclusively by personal labor, obeying the employer’s will in the process of labor activity), should be a system (an interconnected integrative set having an anti-entropic character) in order to function effectively. The removal of some elements from this system entails an imbalance in the system of the labor law branch as a whole, with possible subsequent destruction. On the basis of a systematic approach, the formation and development of the theory of labor relations in domestic legal science are studied. The foundations of the convergent "theory of the plurality of unified labor relations", developed for application in the conditions of transition to new technological paradigms and growing differentiation of forms of labor organization, are proposed and substantiated. This theory was developed on the basis of the “theory of a single indivisible labor relationship” by N.G. Aleksandrov and "the theory of the complex of labor relations" V.N. Skobelkin. On the basis of the theory of plurality of unified labor legal relations, the prospects for expanding the subject of the branch of labor law are determined by including in it emerging new relations that are associated with the use of human labor on a contractual and non-contractual basis. A motivated assumption is formulated that such an expansion of the subject of labor law will make it possible to complete the process begun a century and a half ago and finally remove all contracts providing for the employment of labor from the subject of civil law in favor of labor law. A contract of personal employment between individuals, assuming the equality of the parties to the use of independent labor not with a single employer, will remain civil law. Through the institutions of labor protection, social insurance and social partnership, labor law should begin a systematic expansion to any emerging new form of organization of human labor. After that, a new form of labor organization can be subject to various sets of other industry norms and institutions, the use of which ensures the protection of the employee and an increase in production efficiency. The necessity of changing the presumption of proving the existence of labor relations to proving civil relations is substantiated.</p><p>Conclusions. The article substantiates the three-subject composition of the participants in the system of legal relations arising from the use of agency labor (contract on the provision of an employee) and the need to establish joint liability of subjects on the side of the employer (solidary employer). It proves the need to release the employee from liability for offenses detected by artificial intelligence. It is proposed to continue research on the prospects for the formation of labor procedural law.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предмет трудового права</kwd><kwd>трудовое правоотношение</kwd><kwd>заемный труд</kwd><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>технологический уклад</kwd><kwd>доказывание</kwd><kwd>трудовое процедурно-процессуальное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subject of labor law</kwd><kwd>labor relations</kwd><kwd>agency work</kwd><kwd>employment</kwd><kwd>technological structure</kwd><kwd>proof</kwd><kwd>labor procedural law</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках НИР FMUZ-2021-0033 «Обеспечение социально-трудовых прав граждан в условиях трансформации сферы труда», госзадание 075-01160-22-00 ИГП РАН.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nekrosius I. Labour Law: Present and Perspectives / I. Nekrosius // Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives / T. Davulis, D. Petrylaite. – Vilnius, 2007. – P. 49–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekrosius I. Labour Law: Present and Perspectives, in: Davulis T., Petrylaite D. (eds.). Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives, Vilnius, 2007, pp. 49–56. (In Lithuanian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуча С. Ю. Модернизация правового регулирования дистанционного труда в России: предпосылки, условия, перспективы / С. Ю. Чуча // Вестник Омского университета. Серия «Право». – 2021. – № 2. – С. 64– 73. – DOI: 10.24147/1990-5173.2021.18(2).64-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Yu. Modernization of legal regulation of remote work in Russia: prerequisites, conditions, prospects. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo = Bulletin of Omsk University. Series: Law, 2018, no. 2, pp. 64– 73. DOI: 10.24147/1990-5173.2021.18(2).64-73. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуча С. Ю. Правовое регулирование дистанционной (удаленной) работы: вопросы теории и практики / С. Ю. Чуча // Государство и право. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 155-160. – DOI: 10.31857/S102694520014359-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Yu. Legal regulation of remote (remote) work: questions of theory and practice. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2021, no. 4, pp. 155-160. DOI: 10.31857/S102694520014359-5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапов А. В. Юридическое лицо как субъект трудовых и непосредственно связанных с ними отношений: дис. … канд. юрид. наук / А. В. Потапов. – М., 2022. – 231 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapov A.V. Legal entity as a subject of labor and directly related relations. Doct. Diss. Moscow, 2022. 231 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуча С. Ю. Конституционализация и расширение юридического содержания понятия социального партнерства в Российской Федерации / С. Ю. Чуча // Правоприменение. – 2021. – Т. 5, № 3. – С. 249–261. – DOI: 10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(3).249-261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Yu. Constitutionalization and expansion of the legal content of the concept of social partnership in the Russian Federation. Pravoprimenenie = Law Enforcement Review, 2021, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 249–261. DOI: 10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(3).249-261. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуча С. Ю. Социальное партнерство в сфере регулирования трудовых и иных непосредственно связанных с ними отношений / С. Ю. Чуча // Государство и право. – 2022. – № 1. – С. 130–142. – DOI: 10.31857/S102694520018280-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Yu. Social partnership in the sphere of regulation of labor and other relations directly related to them. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2022, no. 1, pp. 130–142. DOI: 10.31857/S102694520018280-9. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таль Л. С. Трудовой договор: Цивилистическое исследование. Ч. 1: Общие учения, 1913; Ч. 2: Внутренний правопорядок хозяйственных предприятий, 1918. Ч. 1–2 / Л. С. Таль. – Ярославль, 1913. – 632 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tal L.S. Employment contract: A civilistic study. Yaroslavl, 1913. 632 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров Н. Г. Трудовое правоотношение / Н. Г. Александров. – М.: Юрид. изд-во МЮ СССР, 1948. – 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov N. G. Labor relations. Moscow, Legal publ. of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR, 1948. 336 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casale G. The Labour Law Challenges: In Search of a Balance Between Flexibility and Security. Hard vs. Soft Law? / G. Casale // Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives / T. Davulis, D. Petrylaite. – Vilnius, 2007. – P. 131–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casale G. The Labour Law Challenges: In Search of a Balance Between Flexibility and Security. Hard vs. Soft Law? in: T. Davulis, D. Petrylaite (eds.). Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives, Vilnius, 2007, pp. 131–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лушников А. М. В. Очерки теории трудового права / А. М. Лушников, М. В. Лушникова. – СПб.: Юридический центр Пресс, 2006. – 940 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V. Essays on the theory of labor law. St. Petersburg, Legal Center Press Publ., 2006. 940 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Войтинский И. С. Трудовое право СССР / И. С. Войтинский. – М. ; Л.: Госюриздат, 1925. – 364 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voitinsky I.S. Labor law of the USSR. Moscow, Gosyurizdat Publ., 1925. 364 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусов К. Н. Трудовое права России: учеб. / К. Н. Гусов, В. Н. Толкунова. – М.: Проспект, 2003. – 496 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusov K.N., Tolkunova V.N. Labor law in Russia, Textbook. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2003. 496 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трудовое право России: учеб. / под ред. С. П. Маврина, Е. Б. Хохлова. – СПб.: С.-Петерб. гос. ун-т, 2002. – 448 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mavrin S.P., Khokhlov E.B. (eds.). Labor law of Russia, textbook. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University Publ., 2002. 448 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касумов А. М. О некоторых вопросах системно-структурной характеристики трудового правоотношения и его содержание / А. М. Касумов // Государство и право. – 2020. – № 6. – С. 98–106. – DOI: 10.31857/S013207690009941-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasumov A.M. On some issues of the system-structural characteristics of the labor relationship and its content. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2020, no. 6, pp. 98–106. DOI: 10.31857/S013207690009941-7. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Догадов В. М. К вопросу о возникновении и прекращении социалистических трудовых отношений / В.М. Догадов // Вопросы трудового права. – 1948. – Вып. 1. – С. 58–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogadov V.M. On the issue of the emergence and termination of socialist labor relations. Voprosy trudovogo prava = Issues of labor law, 1948, vol. 1, pp. 58–74. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москаленко Г. К. Социалистическое трудовое правоотношение / Г. К. Москаленко. – М.: Госюриздат, 1953. – 309 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskalenko G.K. Socialist labor relationship. Moscow, Gosyurizdat Publ., 1953. 309 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Догадов В. М. Государственные организации как субъекты социалистического трудового правоотношения / В. М. Догадов // Правоведение. – 1957. – № 1. – С. 12–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogadov V.M. State organizations as subjects of socialist labor relations. Pravovedenie = Jurisprudence, 1957, no. 1, pp. 12–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шебанова А. И. Социалистическое трудовое правоотношение / А. И. Шебанова. – М.: Госюриздат, 1957. – 284 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shebanova A.I. Socialist labor relationship. Moscow, Gosyurizdat Publ., 1957. 284 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпушин М. П. Социалистическое трудовое правоотношение / М. П. Карпушин. – М.: Госюриздат, 1958. – 307 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpushin M.P. Socialist labor relationship. Moscow, Gosyurizdat Publ., 1958. 307 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молодцов М. В. Стабильность трудовых правоотношений / М. В. Молодцов, В. Г. Сойфер. – М.: Юридическая литература, 1976. – 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molodtsov M.V., Soifer V.G. Stability of labor relations. Moscow, Yuridicheskaya literatura Publ., 1976. 238 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Процевский А. И. Предмет советского трудового права / А. И. Процевский. – М.: Юридическая литература, 1979. – 222 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protsevsky A.I. The subject of Soviet labor law. Moscow, Yuridicheskaya literatura Publ., 1979. 222 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахов В. Д. Соотношение понятий «трудовой договор» и «трудовое правоотношение» / В. Д. Шахов // Советское государство и право. – 1980. – № 6. – С. 133–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakhov V.D. The relationship between the concepts of "labor contract" and "labor relationship". Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet state and law, 1980, no. 6, pp. 133–136. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов В. И. Правовое регулирование социалистических трудовых отношений / В. И. Попов. – Иркутск: Изд-во Иркут. ун-та, 1983. – 176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov V.I. Legal regulation of socialist labor relations. Irkutsk, Irkutsk University Publ., 1983. 176 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скобелкин В. Н. Трудовые правоотношения / В. Н. Скобелкин. – М.: Вердикт-1М, 1999. – 372 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skobelkin V.N. Labor relations. Moscow, Verdikt-1M Publ., 1999. 372 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барабаш А. О некоторых свойствах трудового правоотношения / А. Барабаш // Государство и право. – 2003. – № 12. – С. 21–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barabash A. On some properties of labor relations. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2003, no. 12, pp. 21–27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко Э. Н. Трудовой договор как основание возникновения правоотношения / Э. Н. Бондаренко. – М.: Юридический центр Пресс, 2004. – 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko E.N. Employment contract as a basis for the emergence of a legal relationship. Moscow, Yuridicheskii Tsentr Press Publ., 2004. 280 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко Э. Н. Юридические факты в трудовом правоотношении / Э. Н. Бондаренко. – Барнаул: Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2005. – 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko E.N. Legal facts in labor relations. Barnaul, Altai University Pudl., 2005. 224 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьменко А. В. Предмет трудового права России / А. В. Кузьменко. – СПб.: Юридический центр Пресс, 2005. –272 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmenko A.V. The subject of labor law in Russia. St. Petersburg, Yuridicheskii Tsentr Press Publ., 2005. 272 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сойфер В. Г. Проблемы развития трудовых правоотношений в условиях рынка труда / В. Г. Сойфер. – М.: Нац. ин-т бизнеса, 2005. – 277 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soyfer V. G. Problems of development of labor relations in the conditions of the labor market. Moscow, National Institute of Business Publ., 2005. 277 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лушников А. М. Развитие учения о трудовом правоотношении / А. М. Лушников, М. В. Лушникова // Юридические записки ЯрГУ. – Ярославль, 2007. – Вып. 11. – С. 53–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V. Development of the doctrine of labor relations. Uridicheskiye zapiski Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Legal Notes of the Yaroslavl State University, 2007, iss. 11, pp. 53–65. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лушников А. М. Курс трудового права: учеб.: в 2 т. / А. М. Лушников, М. В. Лушникова. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: Статут, 2009. – Т. 1: Сущность трудового права и история его развития. Трудовые права в системе прав человека. Общая часть. – 879 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V. Course of labor law, Textbook, in 2 volumes, 2nd ed. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2009. Vol. 1. 879 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов О. В. Концепция единого трудового правоотношения: преемственность и развитие / О. В. Смирнов // Вопросы теории государства и права и трудового права: сб. науч. тр. – М.: ВЮЗИ, 1988. – С. 60–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov O.V. The concept of a single labor relationship: succession and development. Questions of the theory of state and law and labor law, Collection of scientific works, Moscow, All-Union Legal Correspondence Institute Publ., 1988, pp. 60–68. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раманкулов К. С. Трудовое правоотношение как правовая структура / К. С. Раманкулов // Актуальные проблемы российского права. – 2015. – № 1. – С. 88–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramankulov K.S. Labor relationship as a legal structure. Actual problems of Russian law, 2015, no. 1, pp. 88- 94. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпушин М. П. Социалистическое трудовое правоотношение / М. П. Карпушин. – М.: Госюриздат, 1958. – 307 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpushin M.P. Socialist labor relationship. Moscow, Gosyurizdat Publ., 1958. 307 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинцбург Л. Я. Социалистическое трудовое правоотношение / Л. Я. Гинцбург. – М.: Наука, 1977. – 310 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gintsburg L.Ya. Socialist labor relationship. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1977. 310 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мацюк А. Р. Трудовые отношения развитого социалистического общества / А. Р. Мацюк. – Киев: Наукова думка, 1984. – 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsyuk A.R. Labor relations of a developed socialist society. Kyiv, Naukova Dumka Publ., 1984. 280 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трудовое право: энцикл. слов./ редкол.: А. И. Денисов и др. – 2-е изд. – М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1963. – 586 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov A.L. (ed.). Labor law, Encyclopedic Dictionary, 2nd ed. Moscow, Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya Publ., 1963. 586 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скобелкин В. Н. Обеспечение трудовых прав рабочих и служащих (нормы и правоотношения) / В. Н. Скобелкин. – М.: Юридическая литература, 1982. – 207 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skobelkin V.N. Ensuring the labor rights of workers and employees (norms and legal relations). Moscow, Yuridicheskaya literatura Publ., 1982. 207 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трудовое процедурно-процессуальное право: учеб. пособие / под ред. В. Н. Скобелкина. – Воронеж: Изд-во Воронеж. гос. ун-та, 2002. – 504 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skobelkin V.N. (ed.). Labor procedural law, Textbook. Voronezh, Voronezh State University Publ., 2002. 504 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Передерин С. В. Процедурно-процессуальные правовые средства и способы обеспечения трудовых прав работников: дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук / С. В. Передерин. – Воронеж, 2001. – 404 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perederin S.V. Procedural and procedural legal means and ways to ensure the labor rights of workers, Doct. Diss. Voronezh, 2001. 404 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова М. Ю. Субъекты трудовых правоотношений: дис. ... канд. юрид. наук / М. Ю. Федорова. – Свердловск, 1991. – 196 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova M.Yu. Subjects of labor relations, Cand. Diss. Sverdlovsk, 1991. 196 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуча С. Ю. Коллективные трудовые споры в Российской Федерации: дис. … канд. юрид. наук / С. Ю. Чуча. – Омск, 1997. – 180 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chucha S.Yu. Collective labor disputes in the Russian Federation, Cand. Diss. Omsk, 1997. 180 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирсанов Р. В. Особенности правового регулирования труда лиц, нуждающихся в повышенной социальной защите: дис. ... канд. юрид. наук / Р. В. Кирсанов. – Омск, 2000. – 206 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsanov R.V. Features of the legal regulation of labor of persons in need of increased social protection, Cand. Diss. Omsk, 2000. 206 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драчук М. А. Субъекты трудового права: дис. ... канд. юрид. наук / М. А. Драчук. – Омск, 2002. – 196 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drachuk M.A. Subjects of labor law, Cand. Diss. Omsk, 2002. 196 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мацюк А. Р. Система трудовых правоотношений развитого социалистического общества: автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид.наук / А. Р. Мацюк. – М., 1985. – 38 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsyuk A.R. The system of labor relations of a developed socialist society, Doct. Diss. Thesis. Moscow, 1985. 38 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзюбак А. В. Обзор «круглого стола» на тему «Актуальные проблемы правового регулирования отношений в сфере спорта» / А. В. Дзюбак, Н. В. Летова, Т. В. Соколова, С. Ю. Чуча // Государство и право. – 2021. – № 6. – С. 205–208. – DOI: 10.31857/S102694520015036-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzyubak A.V., Letova N.V., Sokolova T.V., Chucha S.Yu. Review of the "round table" on the topic "Actual problems of legal regulation of relations in the field of sports". Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2021, no. 6, pp. 205–208. DOI: 10.31857/S102694520015036-0. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куренной А. М. Заемный труд – за и против / А. М. Куренной // Закон. – 2014. – № 4. – С. 2–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurennoy A.M. Agency labor – for and against. Zakon = Law, 2014, no. 4, pp. 2–3. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birk R. Globale Entwicklungen des Arbeitsrechts aus deutscher Perspektive / R. Birk // Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives / T. Davulis, D. Petrylaite. – Vilnius, 2007. – P. 121–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birk R. Globale Entwicklungen des Arbeitsrechts aus deutscher Perspektive, in: Davulis T., Petrylaite D. (eds.). Labour and Social Security Law in the ХХI Century: Challlenges and Perspectives, Vilnius, 2007, pp. 121–130. (In German).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Л. В. Экономически зависимые самозанятые: различия национальных подходов к определению правового статуса / Л. В. Зайцева // Вестник Томского государственного университета. – 2019. – № 446. – С. 212–222. – DOI: 10.17223/15617793/446/28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitseva L.V. Economically dependent self-employed: differences in national approaches to the definition of legal status. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Tomsk State University, 2019, no. 446, pp. 212–222. DOI: 10.17223/15617793/446/28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев В. К. Искусственный интеллект в системе электронного правосудия при рассмотрении корпоративных споров / В. К. Андреев, В. А. Лаптев, С. Ю. Чуча // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. – 2020. – № 1. – С. 19–34. – DOI: 10.21638/spbu14.2020.102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreev V.K., Laptev V.A., Chucha S.Yu. Artificial intelligence in the system of electronic justice when considering corporate disputes. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo = Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Law. 2020, no. 1, pp. 19–34. DOI: 10.21638/spbu14.2020.102. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilar Del Castillo M. El uso de la inteligencia artificial en la prevención de riesgos laborales / М. Aguilar Del Castillo // Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo. – 2020. – № 1. – P. 262–293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguilar Del Castillo M. The use of artificial intelligence in the prevention of occupational risks. Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo = International and Comparative Journal of Labor Relations and Employment Law, 2020, no. 1, pp. 262–293. (In Spanish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филипова И. А. Трудовое право: вызовы информационного общества / И. А. Филиппова // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. – 2020. – № 2. – С. 162–182. – DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2020.2.162.182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filipova I.A. Labor law: challenges of the information society. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2020, no. 2, pp. 162–182. DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2020.2.162.182. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
