<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(1).113-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА СУДЕБНЫМИ ОРГАНАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE JUDGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы достижения правовой эффективности при рассмотрении групповых исков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of achieving legal efficiency in the consideration of class actions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2607-0405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трезубов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trezubov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трезубов Егор Сергеевич – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры трудового, экологического права и гражданского процесса.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Красная, 6</p><p>ResearcherID: N-9078-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Trezubov – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Labor and Environmental Law and Civil Procedure Kemerovo State University</p><p>6, Krasnaya ul., Kemerovo, 650000</p><p>ResearcherID: N-9078-2017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egortrezubov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звягина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvyagina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Звягина Наталья Сергеевна – старший преподаватель кафедры трудового, экологического права и гражданского процесса.</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Красная, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya S. Zvyagina – Senior Lecturer, Department of Labor and Environmental Law and Civil Procedure Kemerovo State University.</p><p>6, Krasnaya ul., Kemerovo, 650000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalia.sheglova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кемеровский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трезубов Е.С., Звягина Н.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трезубов Е.С., Звягина Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trezubov E.S., Zvyagina N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/762">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/762</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуются правила группового производства в российском цивилистическом процессе. Выявлены пробелы, препятствующие достижению правовой эффективности при рассмотрении коллективных исков, предложены способы преодоления соответствующих лакун.  Сделаны  выводы о  необходимости  нормативной  регламентации процедуры сертификации группы лиц и вынесения судом соответствующего определения на стадии подготовки дела к судебному разбирательству, и необходимости применения единого средства массовой информации и сайта суда, рассматривающего дела, а также ресурсов электронного судопроизводства, применяемых в цивилистическом процессе в целях эффективного формирования состава участников группы лиц. Выявлено несовершенство правового регулирования качеств преюдициальности решения суда по групповому иску, ограничивающее начала состязательности и равноправия при рассмотрении личных исков в последующем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the procedure for considering a class action in the Russian civil procedure in order to identify obstacles to the effective application of this institution. In developed foreign legal orders, group proceedings are a popular socially significant jurisdictional procedure for considering a large number of the same type of requirements, which allows optimizing the burden on the judicial system, ensuring the achievement of legal certainty and the effectiveness of judicial protection. As a result of the reform of group production, an institution sui generis appeared, which differs in many respects from foreign analogues. Given that group proceedings in Russia are still not in demand, the authors has identified obstacles to the intensification of this procedure, many of which indicate a superficial regulation of the procedural form.</p><p>The study used comparative legal, formal logical and systemic structural methods, which made it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of the identified gaps in the legal regulation of group proceedings in Russian civil, commercial and administrative litigation. The first of the identified problems is related to the lack of regulatory rules for certification of a group of persons. To initiate proceedings on a class action, it is necessary to join a significant number of co-plaintiffs, whose claims are based on homogeneous legal and factual circumstances. However Russian procedural codes do not regulate the criteria by which certification of a group should be carried out, and also do not establish rules for accepting a court ruling on preparing a case for trial, allowing members to subsequently authorize. It is noted that for effective group proceedings it is necessary to issue an appropriate definition, which would define the criteria for the homogeneity of the grounds for claims and the method of protecting the violated right chosen by the applicant. The law should directly provide for the possibility of appealing against such a judicial act. Also, for the purposes of joining the requirements to protect the interests of a group of persons, it is proposed to publish a notice on the initiation of proceedings not only on the websites of the court and the defendant, but also in the official media.</p><p>The problems of implementing the qualities of the legal force of a court decision on a class action, such as exclusivity and prejudice, are also identified, since the law allows challenging the circumstances established when considering a class action when considering a personal claim of a member of a class who has not joined a class action in the future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Групповой иск</kwd><kwd>групповое производство</kwd><kwd>истец-представитель</kwd><kwd>законная сила судебного решения</kwd><kwd>решение по коллективному иску</kwd><kwd>преюдициальность</kwd><kwd>правовая эффективность</kwd><kwd>процессуальные правоотношения в групповом производстве</kwd><kwd>сертификация группы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Class action</kwd><kwd>group litigation</kwd><kwd>representative claimant</kwd><kwd>legal force of a judgment</kwd><kwd>class action judgment</kwd><kwd>prejudicial</kwd><kwd>legal efficiency</kwd><kwd>legal procedural relations in group proceedings</kwd><kwd>group certification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решетникова И. В. Размышляя о судопроизводстве : избр. / И. В. Решетникова. – М. : Статут, 2019. – 510 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikova I.V. Reflecting on Judicial Proceedings, Selected Works. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2019. 510 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутормин Н. А. Преимущества и недостатки группового иска / Н. А. Сутормин // Государство и право. – 2020. – № 7. – С. 119–123. – DOI: 10.31857/S102694520010712-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutormin N.A. Advantages and disadvantages of a class action. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2020, no. 7, pp. 119–123. DOI: 10.31857/S102694520010712-4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутормин Н. А. Групповые иски в Финляндии / Н. А. Сутормин // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2020. – Т. 10, № 4. – С. 217–234. – DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-4-217-234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutormin N.A. Class litigation in Finland. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of Civil Procedure, 2020, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 217–234. DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-4-217-234. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Химмельрайх А. Коллективная правовая защита – иски объединений и право объединений на предъявление иска в немецком гражданском процессе / А. Химмельрайх // Правоприменение. – 2019. – Т. 3, № 2. – С. 59–76. – DOI: 10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(2).59-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himmelreich A. Collective legal protection – class actions and the right of associations to sue in German civil proceedings. Pravoprimenenie = Law Enforcement Review, 2019, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 59–76. DOI: 10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(2).59-76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Звиер П. Групповые иски в правовой истории США и России: в поисках оптимальной модели / П. Звиер, В. В. Ярков // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2020. – № 1. – С. 143–197. – DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-1-143-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zwier P., Yarkov V.V. Class action in the legal history of the USA and Russia: searching of an optimal model. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of civil procedure, 2020, no. 1, pp. 143–197. DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-1-143-197. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туманов Д. А. О групповых исках в концепции единого гражданского процессуального кодекса РФ / Д. А. Туманов // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2015. – № 4. – С. 63–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tumanov D.A. About class actions in the concept of the Unified civil procedure code of the Russian Federation. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of civil procedure, 2015, no. 4, pp. 63–83. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брановицкий К. Л. Сближение (гармонизация) гражданского процессуального права в рамках Европейского союза и на постсоветском пространстве (сравнительно-правовой аспект) / К. Л. Брановицкий. – М. : Статут, 2018. – 399 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Branovitsky K.L. Convergence (harmonization) of civil procedural law within the European Union and in the post-Soviet space (comparative legal aspect). Moscow, Statut Publ., 2018. 399 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagy C. I. Collective Actions in Europe A Comparative, Economic and Transsystemic Analysis / C. I. Nagy. – Szeged, 2019. – IX, 122 p. – DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24222-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagy C.I. Collective Actions in Europe A Comparative, Economic and Transsystemic Analysis. Szeged, 2019. IX + 122 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24222-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bavli H. J. Aggregating for accuracy: a closer look at sampling and accuracy in class action litigation / H. J. Bavli // Law, Probability and Risk. – 2015. – Vol. 14, iss. 1. – P. 67–90. – DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgu016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bavli H.J. Aggregating for accuracy: a closer look at sampling and accuracy in class action litigation. Law, Probability and Risk, 2015, vol. 14, iss. 1, pp. 67–90. DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgu016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Körtvélyesi Z. Transcending the individual/collective minority rights divide: a procedural solution / Z. Körtvélyesi // International and Comparative Law Quarterly. – 2022. – Vol. 71, iss. 1. – P. 73–106. – DOI: 10.1017/S0020589321000464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Körtvélyesi Z. Transcending the individual/collective minority rights divide: a procedural solution. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 2022, vol. 71, iss. 1, pp. 73–106. DOI: 10.1017/S0020589321000464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molavi M. Access to Justice and the Limits of Environmental Class Actions in Ontario / M. Molavi // Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit Et Société. – 2020. – Vol. 35, iss. 3. – P. 391–412. – DOI: 10.1017/cls.2020.9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molavi M. Access to Justice and the Limits of Environmental Class Actions in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit Et Société, 2020, vol. 35, iss. 3, pp. 391–412. DOI: 10.1017/cls.2020.9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончарова О. С. Соучастие в гражданском процессе России и США : моногр. / О. С. Гончарова. – М. : Проспект, 2014. – 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharova O.S. Complicity in the civil process of Russia and the USA, Monograph. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2014. 208 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аболонин Г. О. Массовые иски / Г. О. Аболонин. – М. : Волтерс Клувер, 2011. – 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abolonin G.O. Mass claims. Moscow, Wolters Kluver Publ., 2011. 416 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шварц М. З. Об императивном и диспозитивном в регулировании процессуальных форм защиты групповых интересов / М. З. Шварц // Закон. – 2021. – № 2. – С. 29–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvarts M.Z. Regulation of procedural forms of protection of group interests: imperative and dispositive aspects. Zakon, 2021, no. 2, pp. 29–35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутормин Н. А. Групповые иски в Австралии / Н. А. Сутормин // Журнал зарубежного законодательства и сравнительного правоведения. – 2021. – Т. 17, № 4. – С. 95–109. – DOI: 10.12737/jflcl.2021.044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutormin N.A. Class Action Lawsuit in Australia. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya = Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law, 2021, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 95–109. DOI: 10.12737/jflcl.2021.044. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolf T. B. Discretion in class certification / T. B. Wolf // University of Pennsylvania Law Review. – 2014. – Vol. 162. – P. 1897–1952.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolf T.B. Discretion in class certification. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 2014, vol. 162, pp. 1897–1952.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Истомин В. Г. Групповые иски по делам о защите конкуренции в США и Великобритании и перспективы их развития в России / В. Г. Истомин // Актуальные проблемы российского права. – 2022. – Т. 17, № 9 (142). – С. 174–186. – DOI: 10.17803/1994-1471.2022.142.9.174-186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Istomin V.G. Class Action Lawsuits in Competition Cases in the US and UK and Prospects for their Development in Russia. Aktualʹnye problemy rossiiskogo prava = Actual Problems of Russian Law, 2022, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 174–186. DOI: 10.17803/1994-1471.2022.142.9.174-186. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эндрюс Н. Правовая система без эффективных групповых исков ущербна / Н. Эндрюс // Закон. – 2021. – № 2. – С. 8–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrews N. A legal system without effective class actions is flawed. Zakon, 2021, no. 2, pp. 8–15. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долганичев В. В. Групповой иск: сравнительный анализ нормативных конструкций АПК, ГПК и КАС РФ / В. В. Долганичев // Закон. – 2021. – № 2. – С. 36–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolganichev V.V. Class action: comparative analysis of the regulatory models of the Arbitrazhprocedure Code, Civil Procedure Code and Administrative Procedure Code. Zakon, 2021, no. 2, pp. 36–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курочкин С. А. Эффективность гражданского судопроизводства / С. А. Курочкин. – М. : Статут, 2020. – 358 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurochkin S.A. Efficiency of civil proceedings. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2020. 358 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курочкин С. А. Критерии и показатели эффективности гражданского судопроизводства / С. А. Курочкин // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. – 2020. – № 4. – С. 129–154. – DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2020.4.129.154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurochkin S.A. Civil Litigation Efficiency: Criteria and Indicators. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2020, no. 4, pp. 129–154. DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2020.4.129.154. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярков В. Групповые иски в цивилистическом процессе России / В. Ярков, Е. Кудрявцева, Д. Малешин, Д. Туманов, А. Смола, Д. Володарский, Н. Сутормин, И. Кондрашов, В. Бирюков, Р. Бевзенко, В. Авилкин, И. Фаст, А. Молчанов // Закон. – 2019. – № 8. – С. 24–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarkov V., Kudryavtseva E., Maleshin D., Tumanov D., Smola A., Volodarsky D., Sutormin N., Kondrashov I., Biryukov V., Bevzenko R., Avilkin V., Fast I., Molchanov A. Class actions in civil procedure in Russia. Zakon, 2019, no. 8, pp. 24–43. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долганичев В. В. Информационные технологии при рассмотрении групповых исков / В. В. Долганичев // Арбитражный и гражданский процесс. – 2022. – № 8. – С. 59–61. – DOI: 10.18572/1812-383X-2022-8-59-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolganichev V.V. Information technology in review of class actions. Arbitrazhnyi i grazhdanskiy protsess = Arbitrazh and Civil Procedure, 2022, no. 8, pp. 59–61. DOI: 10.18572/1812-383X-2022-8-59-61. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiken A.W. Class action notice in the digital age / A. W. Aiken // University of Pennsylvania Law Review. – 2017. – Vol. 165. – P. 967–1018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aiken A.W. Class action notice in the digital age. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 2017, vol. 165, pp. 967–1018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курочкин С. А. Эффективность доказывания в гражданском процессе: общетеоретические и методологические аспекты / С. А. Курочкин // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2021. – Т. 11, № 5. – С. 349–385. – DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-5-349-385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurochkin S.A. The efficiency of proof in civil procedure: theoretical and methodological aspects. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of Civil Procedure, 2021, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 349–385. DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-5-349-385. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мусалов М. А. Унификация коллективного производства / М. А. Мусалов // Право и государство: теория и практика. – 2021. – № 6 (198). – С. 294–296. – DOI: 10.47643/1815-1337_2021_6_294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musalov M.A. Unification of collective production. Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika, 2021, no. 6 (198), pp. 294–296. DOI: 10.47643/1815-1337_2021_6_294. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малешин Д. Я. Новеллы групповых исков / Д. Я. Малешин // Журнал российского права. – 2020. – № 5. – С. 94–103. – DOI: 10.12737/jrl.2020.058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maleshin D.Ya. Class Action Novels. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law, 2020, no. 5, pp. 94–103. DOI: 10.12737/jrl.2020.058. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярков В. В. Групповые иски в гражданском процессе: вопросы правоприменения / В. В. Ярков // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2021. – Т. 11, № 5. – С. 86–106. – DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-5-86-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarkov V.V. Class Actions in Civil Procedure: Enforcement Issues. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of Civil Procedure, 2021, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 86–106. DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-5-86-106. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Домшенко В. Г. Компетенция и подсудность групповых исков в арбитражном и гражданском процессе: дискуссионные вопросы / В. Г. Домшенко // Вестник гражданского процесса. – 2022. – Т. 12, № 5. – С. 228–245. – DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2022-12-5-228-245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domshenko V.G. Competence and Jurisdiction of Class Actions in Arbitration and Civil Procedure: Discussion Issues. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa = Herald of Civil Procedure, 2022, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 228–245. DOI: 10.24031/2226-0781-2022-12-5-228-245. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dodson S. An Opt-In Option for Class Actions / S. Dodson // Michigan Law Review. – 2016. – Vol. 115, iss. 2. – P. 170–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodson S. An Opt-In Option for Class Actions. Michigan Law Review, 2016, vol. 115, iss. 2, pp. 170–214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
