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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(2).144-152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В ЧАСТНОМ ПРАВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN PRIVATE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовой статус невзаимозаменяемых токенов (NFT): современное состояние и перспективы правового регулирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal status of non-fungible tokens (NFT): current state and prospects of legal regulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-6328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Владислав Олегович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры конституционного и муниципального права</p><p>400062, г. Волгоград, Университетский пр.,100</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 57208800193 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav O. Makarov – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law</p><p>100, Universitetskii pr., Volgograd, 400062</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 57208800193</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarov_vo@volsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров В.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov V.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/801">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/801</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается явление невзаимозаменяемых токенов (NFT). Отмечается отсутствие в юридической науке комплексных исследований, посвященных данному вопросу.</p><p>Обосновывается ценность NFT через категории «соперничество» и «дефицитность». Описывается процесс создания NFT – «минт», т. е. токенизации цифрового объекта. Исследуется правовой статус NFT, делается вывод о том, что токен не равнозначен цифровому объекту, а скорее выступает в качестве хранителя информации о данном объекте. Учитывая, во-первых, самостоятельный характер NFT, не являющегося лишь цифровой копией первоначального произведения, во-вторых, обширную сферу утилитарного применения и, в-третьих, самостоятельную коммерческую ценность, указывается, что в перспективе развития законодательства и судебной практики NFT должен расцениваться как самостоятельный цифровой актив, права на который подлежат правовой защите, российское же законодательство в настоящее время не содержит подходящей под NFT правовой конструкции. Выделяются проблемы использования NFT, среди которых «токенизация» чужих произведений, вмешательство в работу торговых площадок с помощью технических уязвимостей, а также мошенничество. Поскольку NFT может подтверждать не только право владения, но и репрезентовать любое субъективное право, предполагается, что данная технология может использоваться для ведения децентрализованных блокчейн реестров недвижимости, акций, участников общества, голосования на выборах, а также для удостоверения личности, одновременно обеспечивая защиту персональных данных. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The subject</title><p>The subject. The paper considers the legal status of non-fungible tokens – a technology that allows to secure and confirm the possession of a certificate that refers to a specific digital object, based on a distributed ledger (blockchain).</p><p>The purpose of the article is to research the current state of the legal status of NFTs in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the applicability of the current Russian legislation to NFTs.</p><p>The research methodology is based on the application of methods of systemic and structural analysis, formal logic, as well as methods of legal forecasting and interpretation of legal norms.</p></sec><sec><title>The results</title><p>The results. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on this issue in legal science. The value of NFT is substantiated through the categories of "rivalrousness" and "scarcity". The process of creating NFT - "mint", that is, the tokenization of a digital object, is described. The legal status of NFT is investigated, as a result of which it is concluded that the token is not equivalent to a digital object, but rather acts as a custodian of information about this object.</p><p>Taking into account, firstly, the independent nature of the NFT, which is not only a digital copy of the original work, secondly, the vast scope of utilitarian application and, thirdly, its independent commercial value, it is indicated that in the perspective of the development of legislation and judicial practice, NFT should be regarded as an independent digital asset, the rights to which are subject to legal protection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. At present, Russian legislation does not contain a legal structure suitable for NFTs. The problems of using NFT are highlighted, including the "tokenization" of other people's works, interference in the operation of trading platforms using technical vulnerabilities, as well as fraud. Since NFT can confirm not only the right of ownership, but also represent any subjective right, it is assumed that this technology can be used to maintain decentralized blockchain registries of real estate, shares, members of the society, vote in elections, as well as to verify identity, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of personal data.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Невзаимозаменяемый токен (NTF)</kwd><kwd>цифровой актив</kwd><kwd>цифровое право</kwd><kwd>умное  регулирование</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Non-fungible token (NFT)</kwd><kwd>digital asset</kwd><kwd>digital law</kwd><kwd>smart regulation</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-18-00484, https://rscf.ru/project/2118-00484/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 21-18-00484, https://rscf.ru/project/21-18- 00484/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зыков Д. 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