<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(4).25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY AND HISTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перипетии трансформации университетского юридического образования в первый период советской власти (1917 – 1920-е гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The vicissitudes of the transformation of university legal education in the first years of Soviet power (1917-1920s)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-5501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иваненко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanenko</surname><given-names>Vitaly S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иваненко Виталий Семенович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры международного права</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p><p>ResearcherID: G-1886-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy S. Ivanenko – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of International Law</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p><p>ResearcherID: G-1886-2015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.s.ivanenko@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иваненко В.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иваненко В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanenko V.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/847">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/847</self-uri><abstract><p>Юридическое образование в первые годы советской власти подверглось большим испытаниям как правотворческого, так и правоприменительного характера. В статье раскрываются причины, формы и конфронтационный характер взаимоотношений между советской властью и университетским сообществом в первое время после Октябрьской революции, негативное отношение новой власти и профессорского корпуса друг к другу. Проанализирована череда структурных экспериментов, часть из них проиллюстрирована на материалах, в том числе архивных, Петроградского / Ленинградского университета, являвшегося в то время одним из крупнейших вузов страны. Прослежены особенности преобразования юридических факультетов в правовые отделения факультетов общественных наук, в том числе изменения условий приема и содержания обучения, статуса преподавателей. Проанализирована деятельность сменивших факультеты общественных наук факультетов советского права, раскрыты причины и последствия их закрытия в 1930 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The subject</title><p>The subject. The article examines the history of the formation of university legal education in a very difficult period of the first years of Soviet power (1917-1930), in which it was subjected to great trials.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to reveal the causes, forms and confrontational nature of the relationship between the Soviet government and the university community in the first time after the October Revolution.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. A series of structural experiments is analyzed, some of them are illustrated on materials, including archival ones, of Petrograd (Leningrad) University, which was at that time one of the largest universities in the country.</p></sec><sec><title>Main results</title><p>Main results. The difficulties of transformation in 1918-1919 of law faculties of universities into legal departments of a new organizational form – faculties of social sciences are shown. Legal departments structurally included, as a rule, two cycles: judicial and administrative. The term of study was reduced to 3 years. Legal departments were created with the aim of forming new legal personnel for "socialist construction". The conditions of admission and the content of students' education are changing. In the beginning, absolutely everyone could study at universities, regardless of citizenship and gender, who had reached the age of 16. Entrance exams were canceled, even documents on secondary education were optional. The status of teachers has changed significantly. Lectures and seminars were mostly replaced by the "brigade-laboratory method" of teaching: the teaching material was studied by teams of a dozen students led by a foreman; the tasks involved independent study of literature and analysis of practical incidents; the teacher was involved in the process only if students had difficulties. Another innovation was the practice of students in justice institutions organized since 1922. However, the faculties of social sciences did not meet the expectations of the Soviet government and in the mid-1920s they were closed. Instead, faculties of Soviet law were opened at universities with two departments – judicial and economic and administrative. They were also closed in 1930-1931. Instead, specialized legal institutions were created under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Justice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Despite all the government search experiments with their mistakes and failures, the liquidation of university law faculties in the 1930s and early 1940s, since the 1940s, the training of lawyers at universities has nevertheless been resumed, continuing the traditions of the centuries-old domestic law school to provide the country with highly qualified legal personnel.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Юридические факультеты университетов России / СССР</kwd><kwd>реформы юридического образования</kwd><kwd>факультеты общественных наук</kwd><kwd>факультеты советского права</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Law faculties of universities of Russia / USSR</kwd><kwd>experiments with organizational forms and content of legal education</kwd><kwd>faculties of social sciences</kwd><kwd>faculties of Soviet law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мороз Е. В. Отечественное правопонимание 1920-х гг. (некоторые аспекты проблемы) / Е. В. Мороз // Право и образование. – 2012. – № 11. – С. 146–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moroz E.V. Russian Interpretation of Law in 1920ies (Some Aspects of a Problem). Pravo i obrazovanie = Law and Education, 2012, no. 11, pp. 146–155. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аврус А. И. История российских университетов / А. И. Аврус. – М., 2001. – 85 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avrus A.I. History of Russian universities. Moscow, 2001. 85 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев Н. С. 50 лет советского высшего юридического образования / Н. С. Алексеев, Л. А. Шилов // Правоведение. – 1967. – № 5. – С. 7–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev N.S., Shilov L.A. 50 years of Soviet higher legal education. Pravovedenie, 1967, no. 5, pp. 7–17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Очерки по истории юридических научных учреждений в СССР / отв. ред. В. М. Курицын, А. Ф. Шебанов. – М., 1976. – 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuritsyn V.M., Shebanov A.F.  (eds.). Essays on the history of legal scientific institutions in the USSR. Moscow, 1976. 238 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олейник И. И. Становление системы подготовки юридических кадров в Советской России / И. И. Олейник, О. Ю. Олейник // Вестник ИГЭУ. – 2005. – Вып. 2. – С. 81–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oleinik I.I., Oleinik O.Yu. The formation of the system of training legal personnel in Soviet Russia. Vestnik IGEU, 2005, iss. 2, pp. 81–91. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ящук Т. Ф. Юридическое образование в советской России, 1917 – 1920-е годы / Т. Ф. Ящук // Юридическое образование и наука. – 2004. – № 2. – С. 39–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaschuk T.F. Legal education in Soviet Russia, 1917 – 1920s. Yuridicheskoe obrazovanie i nauka = Juridical Education and Science, 2004, no. 2, pp. 39–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шадрин В. М. Теоретическая юриспруденция и юридическое образование в первые годы Советской власти / В. М. Шадрин // Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. – 2012. – № 27 : Право. – Вып. 32. – С. 45–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shadrin V.M. Theoretical jurisprudence and legal education in the first years of Soviet power. Vestnik Vhelyabinskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University, 2012, no. 27: Law, iss. 32, pp. 45–49. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шамсумова Э. Ф. Трансформация советского юридического образования в 1920-х – середине 1940-х гг. и ее отражение в отечественной литературе тех лет / Э. Ф. Шамсумова // Российское право: образование, практика, наука. – 2021. – № 1. – С. 73–79. – DOI: 10.34076/2410_2709_2021_1_73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamsumova E. The transformation of the soviet legal education in the 1920s and mid-1940s and its reflection in domestic literature of those years. Rossiiskoe pravo: obrazovanie, praktika, nauka = Russian Law: Education, Practice, Researches, 2021, no. 1, pp. 73–79. DOI: 10.34076/2410_2709_2021_1_73. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов Л. А. Юридический факультет Ленинградского университета в первые годы советской власти / Л. А. Шилов // Правоведение. – 1969. – № 1. – С. 13–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilov L.A. Law Faculty of Leningrad University in the early years of Soviet power. Pravovedenie, 1969, no. 1, pp. 13–21. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смыкалин А. С. Юридическое образование в СССР и Российской Федерации: исторический аспект / А. С. Смыкалин // Юридическое образование и наука. – 2000. – № 2. – С. 41–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smykalin A.S. Legal education in the USSR and the Russian Federation: a historical aspect. Yuridicheskoe obrazovanie i nauka = Juridical Education and Science, 2000, no. 2, pp. 41–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ашенова Т. М. Формирование системы законодательства об образовании в Советской России в 1917–1930 гг. : автореф. дис ... канд. юрид. наук / Т. М. Ашенова. – Омск, 2015. – 25 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashenova T.M. Formation of the system of legislation on education in Soviet Russia in 1917–1930, Cand. Diss. Thesis. Omsk, 2015. 25 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина А. А. Первые советские законодательные акты о высшем образовании / А. А. Никитина // История государства и права. – 2021. – № 11. – С. 28–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina A.A. The first Soviet legal acts on higher education. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava = History of State and Law, 2021, no. 11, pp. 28–31. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ящук Т. Ф. Правовое регулирование в сфере высшего образования в России (историко-правовой аспект) / Т. Ф. Ящук // Правоприменение. – 2017. – Т. 1, № 4. – С. 14–27. – DOI: 10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(4).14-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yashchuk T.F. Legal regulation in the sphere of higher education in Russia (historical and legal aspect). Pravoprimenenie = Law Enforcement Review, 2017, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 14–27. DOI: 10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(4).14-27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сборник декретов и постановлений Рабоче-крестьянского правительства по народному образованию. – М., 1921. – Вып. 2 : С 7 ноября 1918 г. по 7 ноября 1919 г. – 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collection of decrees and resolutions of the Workers' and Peasants' Government on public education, Iss. 2. Moscow, 1921. 236 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обозрение преподавания наук на юридическом факультете Петроградского университета в осеннем полугодии 1918 года и весеннем полугодии 1919 года. – Петроград, 1918. – 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Review of the teaching of sciences at the Faculty of Law of Petrograd University in the autumn half of 1918 and the spring half of 1919. Petrograd, 1918. 24 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полянский П. Л. Юридический факультет Московского университета в первое десятилетие советской власти / П. Л. Полянский // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 11. Право. – 2004. – № 6. – С. 72–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyansky P.L. Law Faculty of Moscow University in the first decade of Soviet power. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 11. Pravo = Moscow University Bulletin. Series 11. Law, 2004, no. 6, pp. 72–93. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин П. А. Дальняя дорога / П. А. Сорокин. – М., 1992. – 302 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin P.A. Long Road. Moscow, 1992. 302 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин И.А. Собр. соч. : в 10 т. / И. А. Ильин ; сост., вступ. ст. и коммент. Ю. Т. Лисицы. – М., 1996. – Т. 1. – 398 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Il’in I.A. Collected works, in 10 volumes, comp., intro. article and comments by Yu.T. Lisitsa. Moscow, 1996. Vol. 1. 398 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет : летопись : 1724–1999. – СПб. : Изд-во СПбГУ, 1999. – 421 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University, The chronicle, 1724–1999. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University Publ., 1999. 421 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новицкая Т. Е. Юридический факультет МГУ в первые годы Советской власти (1917–1919 гг.) / Т. Е. Новицкая // Вестник Московского университета. – 1983. – № 2. – С. 59–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novitskaya T.E. Law Faculty of Moscow State University in the first years of Soviet power (1917–1919). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, 1983, no. 2, pp. 59–69. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Садыков Ш. Ф. Реорганизация гуманитарного образования в Казанском университете в 1919–1922 годы / Ш. Ф. Садыков // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2018. – № 12 (ч. 1). – С. 145–149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadykov S.F. Reorganization of humanitarian education in the Kazan University in 1919–1922 years. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamentalnykh issledovanii = International Journal of Applied and fundamental research, 2018, no. 12 (pt. 1), pp. 145–149. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новый учебный план Правового отделения Факультета общественных наук // Право и жизнь. – 1922. – Кн. 1. – С. 113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New curriculum of the Legal Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences. Pravo i zhizn’, 1922, bk. 1, p. 113. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаев М.М. О высшем юридическом образовании в РСФСР / М.М. Исаев // Советское право. – 1927. – № 6 (30). – С. 111–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isaev M.M. On higher legal education in the RSFSR. Sovetskoe pravo, 1927, no. 6 (30), pp. 111–122. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Догодов В.М. Факультет советского права Ленинградского государственного университета // Революция права. – 1929. – № 1. – С. 115–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogodov V.M. Faculty of Soviet Law of Leningrad State University. Revolyutsiya prava, 1929, no. 1, pp. 115–17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тишков А. Итоги распределения студентов, окончивших в 1932 г. правовые вузы / А. Тишков // Советская юстиция. – 1933. – № 4. – С. 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tishkov A. Results of the distribution of students who graduated from law schools in 1932. Sovetskaya yustitsiya, 1933, no. 4, p. 22. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Совещание в Прокуратуре Союза ССР с районными следователями // Социалистическая законность. – 1936. – № 7. – С. 83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meeting in the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR with district investigators. Sotsialisticheskaya zakonnost', 1936, no. 7, p. 83. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
