pravoПравоприменениеLaw Enforcement Review2542-15142658-4050Dostoevsky Omsk State University10.52468/2542-1514.2024.8(2).43-52pravo-922Research ArticleПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА ОРГАНАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИTHE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIESВ поле гравитации: структура и элементы публичной властиIn the field of gravity: the structure and elements of public powerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-6787ЛаричевА. А.LarichevA. A.

Ларичев Александр Алексеевич – доктор юридических наук, доцент, заместитель декана по научной работе факультета права, профессор департамента публичного права; Scopus AuthorID: 56204898300.

123022, Москва, Большой Трехсвятительский пер., 3

Alexander А. Larichev – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Deputy Dean for Research, Faculty of Law; Professor, Department of Public Law HSE University; Scopus AuthorID: 56204898300.

3, Bol’shoi Trekhsvyatitel’skii per., Moscow, 123022

alarichev@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-7249КожевниковО. А.KozhevnikovО. A.

Кожевников Олег Александрович – доктор юридических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры конституционного права УрГЮУ имени В.Ф. Яковлева, 2профессор кафедры конституционного и международного права УрГЭУ; AuthorID: 346061.

620137, Екатеринбург, ул. Комсомольская, 21; 620144, Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта / Народной Воли, 62/45

Oleg A. Kozhevnikov – Doctor of Law, Professor; Professor, Department of Constitutional Law Ural SLU; Professor, Department of Constitutional and International Law Ural State University of E; AuthorID: 346061.

21, Komsomol’skaya ul., Yekaterinburg, 620137; 62/45, 8 Marta / Narodnoi Voli ul., Yekaterinburg, 620144

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian FederationУральский государственный юридический университет имени В.Ф. ЯковлеваРоссияUral State Law University; Ural State University of EconomicsRussian Federation202422062024824352Copyright © Ларичев А.А., Кожевников О.А., 20242024Ларичев А.А., Кожевников О.А.Larichev A.A., Kozhevnikov О.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/922

Описываются подходы к определению категории публичной власти, а также рассматриваются варианты ее структуры и элементов в различных юрисдикциях, включая Российскую Федерацию. Авторы подчеркивают, что универсальных подходов к формированию структуры публичной власти не существует – на нее оказывают влияние исторические, социокультурные, правовые особенности развития того или иного государства, при этом в большинстве юрисдикций базисом («локусом гравитации») публичной власти являются органы власти (как государственного, так и муниципального уровня), в орбиту которых, в зависимости от потребности в реализации публичных функций, включаются иные субъекты права, в том числе частные хозяйствующие субъекты (этот тезис справедлив и для России). Расширение властного домена за счет дополнительных субъектов, по мнению авторов, тесно связано с категорией «публичного интереса» и эволюцией участия государства в различных сферах общественных отношений.

The subject of this study includes the approaches to the definition of the category of public power, as well as variants of its structure and elements.

The goal of the article is to compare the experience of various jurisdictions, including Russia, in the construction of public power, and to establish contemporary determinants of its structure and consequences of its expansion. Comparative and formal legal methods are mainly used to produce the results of the research.

Main results

Main results. The authors notice, that in most jurisdictions legislative attempts to give a definition of the structure of public power and to indicate the circle of its subjects entail indeterminacy and the inevitable expansion of the corresponding subject composition. That, apparently, is caused by the dynamics of the functions of public power, which determines the institutional evolution. It is not a secret that since the beginning of the 20th century the volume of functions entrusted to the state, and accordingly, to its bodies of power and management, has grown significantly. Since there are plenty of tasks and functions that correspond to the public interest, the state involves in the process not only its structural units the bodies of state power, but also private subjects. Private entities, mobile and adapted to competition and social-economic changes, are capable of more effective implementation of tasks, performance of functions and provision of services that can be administratively outsourced. In the USA, for example, this phenomenon becomes so large-scale that it sometimes referred to as "mixed administration" in academic literature. In Russia, the possible forms and limits of the involvement of private subjects in the implementation of public tasks continue to remain under question, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Formation of the structure of public power is influenced by historical, sociocultural, and legal features of the development of states. In most jurisdictions the basis ("locus of gravity") of public power is comprised of the authorities (both of state and municipal level), in the orbit of which, depending on the need for the implementation of public functions, other subjects of law – public and private companies and even NGO’s – are included. Therefore, functional unity is the main determinant of the structure of public power mechanism.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.