pravoПравоприменениеLaw Enforcement Review2542-15142658-4050Dostoevsky Omsk State University10.52468/2542-1514.2024.8(2).139-148pravo-932Research ArticleПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕTHE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAWТест Салини (Salini test): история и тенденции практики правопримененияSalini test: history and trends of law enforcement practicehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-5264СкворцовО. Ю.SkvortsovO. Yu.

Скворцов Олег Юрьевич – доктор юридических наук, профессор кафедры коммерческого права; ResearcherID: K-3098-2013; Scopus AuthorID: 57202982833.

199106, Санкт-Петербург, 22-я линия В. О., 7

Oleg Yu. Skvortsov – Doctor of Law, Professor, Department of Commercial Law; ResearcherID: K-3098-2013; Scopus AuthorID: 57202982833

7, 22-ya liniya V. O., St. Petersburg, 199106

oleg.skvortsov@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSt. Petersburg UniversityRussian Federation20242206202482139148Copyright © Скворцов О.Ю., 20242024Скворцов О.Ю.Skvortsov O.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/932

Предметом статьи является правоприменительная практика, складывающаяся в отношении понятия «инвестиции». Формирование этой практики имеет место в многочисленных решениях инвестиционного арбитража. Важнейшую роль в этой практике играет тест Салини. Методологией исследования является сравнительно-правовой анализ тех концепций, которые положены в основание теста Салини, равно как и конкурирующих с ним теорий. Автор приходит к выводу, что причиной появления теста Салини стала объективная невозможность тотального консенсуса государств относительно юридической формализации понятия «инвестиции», однако это не умаляет роли теста Салини в развитии инвестиционного права.

The subject of this article is the international law enforcement practice developing in relation to the concept of investment. The formation of this practice takes place in numerous decisions of investment arbitration. The Salini test plays an important role in this practice, which is an investment arbitration decision that has become the flagship of the development of the practice of applying international investment law and its principles.

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the decisions of investment arbitration, in which the concept of investment is interpreted, as well as in the doctrinal justification of approaches to this problem.

The methodology of the study is a comparative legal analysis of those concepts that are the basis of the Salini test, as well as competing theories with it.

Main results

Main results. The reason for the appearance of the Salini test was the impossibility of a total consensus of states regarding the legal formalization of the concept of "investment". This impossibility has an objective character, since the investments of resources in one or another sphere have such significant differences that they cannot be taken into account within the framework of a single legal paradigm. In addition, the subjective factor is also important for the formulation of this concept, since states endowed with different roles – either as recipients of investments or as investors have divergent interests that cannot be realized within the framework of a single legal approach.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Investment arbitration has to a certain extent demonstrated the ability to overcome the differences that exist between different states regarding the key concept of investment law. It was in the arbitration decisions, and above all in the Salini test, that the signs of the key concept of investment law were identified, which together constitute its content. The content of the Salini test is that the concept of investment is formulated based on the identification of the following criteria: (1) investment of assets; (2) a certain duration of the investment of assets; (3) risky nature of investments; (4) significant economic importance for the recipient state.

In addition, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that, despite the fact that the Salini test accumulated the main legal ideas about the regulation of investment activity, the amorphous nature of the concept of investment determines a high degree of its uncertainty in relation to specific situations. This provokes a continuation of the discussion regarding legally significant investment criteria.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.