<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Правоприменение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law Enforcement Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4050</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52468/2542-1514.2024.8(3).122-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pravo-965</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОРМ ПРАВА СУДЕБНЫМИ ОРГАНАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE JUDGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неверное толкование закона судом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Incorrect interpretation of the law by the court</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Сергей Александрович – кандидат юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой конституционного права, декан юридического факультета</p><p>AuthorID: 235928</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Belov – PhD in Law, Professor; Head, Department of Constitutional Law; Dean, Law Faculty</p><p>AuthorID: 235928</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.a.belov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревазов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revazov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ревазов Михаил Аркадиевич – кандидат юридических наук, директор Центра экспертиз</p><p>AuthorID: 940846</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Revazov – PhD in Law, Director, Expert Center</p><p>AuthorID: 940846</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.revazov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белов С.А., Ревазов М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белов С.А., Ревазов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belov S.A., Revazov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/965">https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/view/965</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты анализа судебной практики, цель которого заключалась в выявлении основных тенденций, связанных с оценкой правильности толкования норм права судом. Рассмотрена практика применения положений процессуальных кодексов, предусматривающих последствия неверного толкования положений нормативных актов. В результате проведенного исследования были установлены основные проблемы, с которыми суды сталкиваются при оценке правильности толкования, которое дали их коллеги из нижестоящего суда. При проведении анализа отдельное внимание уделялось таким аспектам, как причины ошибочного толкования, способы обнаружения и устранения выявленной ошибки, последствия совершения ошибки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of this study is the main trends that have developed in judicial practice related to the assessment of the correctness of the interpretation of the norms of law by the court. The purpose of the study was to identify the main approaches used by law enforcement agencies, primarily courts, in assessing the possible existence of an error in the interpretation of the applied law by a lower court.</p><p>General scientific and special methods of scientific cognition were used in the research. Among them are analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, the systematic method, the hermeneutical method and the legal-dogmatic approach. In particular, published court decisions were analyzed, scientific literature and current legislation were studied, after which conclusions were drawn about the state of law enforcement practice and the prevailing trends when considering by higher courts the issue of a possible error in the interpretation of the law committed by a lower court.</p><p>The main content of the article is the results of the analysis of judicial practice, the purpose of which was to identify the main trends in judicial practice related to the assessment of the correctness of the interpretation of the norms of law by the court. The practice of applying the provisions of the procedural codes of the Russian Federation, providing for the consequences of a misinterpretation of the provisions of normative acts by the court, is considered. As a result of the conducted research, the main problems that courts face when assessing the correctness of the interpretation given by their colleagues from the lower court were identified. During the analysis, special attention was paid to such aspects as the causes of erroneous interpretation, ways to detect and eliminate the identified error, and the consequences of making an error.</p><p>Based on the results obtained, conclusions were formulated, among which it is worth noting that judicial errors in the interpretation of normative acts are quite common. At the same time, procedural legislation regulates such situations in different ways in different types of legal proceedings. Having discovered a judicial error in interpretation, the higher court most often does not indicate specific norms that have been misinterpreted, but offers its own solution to the dispute. The errors of the courts in the qualification of those mistakes made by the lower courts were also noted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебное толкование</kwd><kwd>толкование закона</kwd><kwd>судебная ошибка</kwd><kwd>пересмотр решения суда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>judicial interpretation</kwd><kwd>interpretation of the law</kwd><kwd>judicial error</kwd><kwd>review of the court decision</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке НИР СПбГУ «Юридико-лингвистическая неопределенность в текстах правовых актов с учетом их коммуникативных особенностей и юридических функций» (шифр проекта 103923270).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is a part of research supported by St. Petersburg University “Legal-lunguistic vagueness in texts of legal acts in lights of their communicative specificity and legal functions” (project 103923270).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляева О. М. Толкование норм права / О. М. Беляева // Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Гуманитарные науки. – 2007. – № 6. – С. 39–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaeva O.M. Interpretation of the law. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2007, no. 6, pp. 39–47. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матузов Н. И. Теория государства и права / Н. И. Матузов, А. В. Малько. – М., 2004. – 511 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matuzov N.I., Mal’ko A.V. Theory of State and law. Moscow, 2004. 511 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегии судебного толкования и принципы права : учеб. пособие / под ред. Е. В. Тимошиной. – СПб. : Изд-во С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та, 2022. – 362 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timoshina E.V. (ed.). Strategies of judicial interpretation and principles of law, Teaching aid. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Publ., 2022. 362 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Easterbrook F. Legal Interpretation and the Power of the Judiciary / F. Easterbrook // Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. – 1984. – Vol. 87. – Р. 87–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easterbrook F. Legal Interpretation and the Power of the Judiciary. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 1984, vol. 87, pp. 87–99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez R. D. Fundamentals of Court Interpretation. Theory, Policy and Practice / R. D. Gonzalez, V. F. Vasquez, H. Mikkelson. – 2nd ed. – Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, 2012. – lxxii, 1531 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez R.D., Vasquez V.F., Mikkelson H. Fundamentals of Court Interpretation. Theory, Policy and Practice, 2nd ed. Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Academic Press, 2012. lxxii + 1531 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гук П. А. Судебное толкование и применение норм законодательства / П. А. Гук // Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион. Общественные науки. – 2016. – № 2 (38). – С. 35–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guk P.A. Judicial interpretation and application of legislation. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Povolzhskii region. Obshchestvennye nauki = University proceedings Volga region. Social sciences, 2016, no. 2 (38), pp. 35–47. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амосов С. М. Судебное толкование норм права как процессуальная деятельность / С. М. Амосов // Российский юридический журнал. – 2003. – № 1 (37). – С. 29–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amosov S.M. Judicial interpretation of the norms of law as a procedural activity. Rossiiskii yuridicheskii zhurnal = Russian juridical journal, 2003, no. 1 (37), pp. 29–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин А. В. Пересмотр судебных актов на основании постановлений Конституционного Суда России / А. В. Ильин // Закон. – 2020. – № 12. – С. 40–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin A.V. Revision of judicial acts on the basis of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia. Zakon, 2020, no. 12, pp. 40–60. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ignatescu C. The Concept of Judicial Interpretation / C. Ignatescu // Postmodern Openings. – 2013. – Vol. 4, Iss. 4. – Р. 17–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatescu C. The Concept of Judicial Interpretation. Postmodern Openings, 2013, vol. 4, iss. 4, pp. 17–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Желдыбина Т. А. Судебное толкование: неправильное или ошибочное? / Т. А. Желдыбина // Администратор суда. – 2019. – № 4. – С. 19–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheldybina T.A. Judicial interpretation: incorrect or erroneous?. Administrator suda = Court administrator, 2019, no. 4, pp. 19–22. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вандраков С. Ю. Вопросы толкования правовых норм в процессе судебного познания / С. Ю. Вандраков // Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук. – 2015. – № 8-2. – С. 44–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandrakov S.Y. Questions of interpretation of legal norms in the process of judicial cognition. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk, 2015, no. 8-2, pp. 44–46. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рабинович П. М. Конкретизация правовых норм (общетеоретические проблемы) / П. М. Рабинович, Г. Г. Шмелева // Известия высших учебных заведений. Правоведение. – 1985. – № 6. – С. 31–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich P.M., Shmeleva G.G. Concretization of legal norms (general theoretical problems). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pravovedenie, 1985, no. 6, pp. 31–39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Постатейный комментарий к Гражданскому процессуальному кодексу Российской Федерации / под ред. П. В. Крашенинникова. – М. : Статут, 2012. – 640 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasheninnikov P.V. (ed.). Article-by-article commentary on the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2012. 640 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазарев Л. В. Правовые позиции Конституционного Суда России / Л. В. Лазарев. – М. : Городец : Формула права, 2003. – 528 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarev L.V. Legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia. Moscow, Gorodets Publ., Formula prava Publ., 2003. 528 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов С. А. Соблюдение судами правовых позиций Конституционного Суда РФ, связанных с толкованием действующего законодательства / С. А. Белов // Мониторинг правоприменения СПбГУ. – 2014. – 17 июня. – URL: https://pravoprim.spbu.ru/yurisprudentsiya/zawita-chesti-dostoinstva-i-delovoj-reputacii/item/65-soblyudenie-sudami-pravovyh-pozicij-konstitucionnogo-suda-rf-svyazannyh-s-tolkovaniem-dejstvuyuwego-zakonodatelstva.html (дата обращения: 12.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov S.A. Compliance by courts with the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation related to the interpretation of current legislation. Monitoring pravoprimeneniya SPbGU, June 17, 2014, available at: https://pravoprim.spbu.ru/yurisprudentsiya/zawita-chesti-dostoinstva-i-delovoj-reputacii/item/65-soblyudenie-sudami-pravovyh-pozicij-konstitucionnogo-suda-rf-svyazannyh-s-tolkovaniem-dejstvuyuwego-zakonodatelstva.html (accessed February 12, 2024). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зейдер Н. Б. Судебное решение по гражданскому делу / Н. Б. Зейдер. – М., 1966. – 190 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeider N.B. Judgment in a civil case. Moscow, 1966. 190 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедь К. А. Основания для отмены незаконных судебных решений / К. А. Лебедь // Социальнополитические науки. – 2020. – Т. 10, № 3. – С. 143–148. – DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-3-143-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebed K.A. Grounds for canceling illegal judicial decisions. Sotsial'no-politicheskie nauki = Sociopolitical sciences, 2020, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 143–148. DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-3-143-148. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шепелин Е. А. Сравнительный анализ апелляционного судопроизводства в нормах ГПК РФ и КАС РФ / Е. А. Шепелин // Судья. – 2015. – № 11. – С. 9–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shepelin E.A. Comparative analysis of appellate proceedings in the norms of the CPC of the Russian Federation and the CAS of the Russian Federation. Sud'ya, 2015, no. 11, pp. 9–13. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соловьева У. Д. Уголовно-процессуальный закон и его толкование / У. Д. Соловьева // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия «Право». – 2011. – № 19 (236). – С. 53–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solovyova U.D. Criminal procedure law and its interpretation. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo Gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya "Pravo" = Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Law, 2011, no. 19, pp. 53–56. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев С. В. Способы и пределы толкования норм уголовно-процессуального права / С. В. Зуев, Е. С. Галыгина // Правопорядок: история, теория, практика. – 2013. – № 1 (1). – С. 36–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev S.V., Galygina E.S. Methods and limits of interpretation of the norms of criminal procedure law. Pravoporyadok: istoriya, teoriya, praktika = Legal Order: History, Theory, Practice, 2013, no. 1 (1), pp. 36–41. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поян Н. В. Решения Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации как источник гражданского права / Н. В. Поян // Администратор суда. – 2022. – № 3. – С. 24–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poyan N.V. Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation as a source of civil law. Administrator suda = Court administrator, 2022, no. 3, pp. 24–28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
