Cybersecurity: concept, structure, the mechanism of legal ensuring

   Taking into account the attention paid by the head of state, legislators and law enforcement practitioners to information security, it is necessary to systematically investigate the category of "cybersecurity" as one of its subspecies. The article undertakes a multifactorial analysis of cybersecurity issues in modern conditions. Special attention is paid to the development of issues of forensic cybersecurity as an important element of countering criminal cyber incidents. The article is based on the use of materialistic dialectics as a universal method, as well as general scientific methods such as methods of analysis, synthesis, modeling, and extrapolation. Legal methods were also used - comparative legal, formal legal, technical legal. It is argued that the concept and content of cybersecurity is derived from the general category of "security". The differentiation of cybersecurity and information security has been made. The author identifies the emergent properties of cybersecurity. Much attention is paid to the elements of cybersecurity, the subjects and objects of this state, as well as the main categories of cybersecurity. The specific scope of application of cybersecurity measures (incident cyberspace) leads to the emergence of specific technological security facilities. Such objects include critical information infrastructure, software and databases of organizations, information technology devices of users, Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Among the most common cyber threats, the author includes: malicious software (viruses, malware, etc.), phishing and social engineering, MITM (Man-in-the-middle) attacks - embedding into the system and intercepting traffic, denial of service attacks (DOS and DDOS-attacks), data leaks and privacy violations. Cybersecurity actors include users themselves, the state, law enforcement agencies and specialized non-governmental organizations for countering cyber threats - Group IB, Kaspersky Lab, developers of software complexes aimed at protecting in cyberspace, etc. Each cybersecurity subject has a certain set of rights and obligations. A range of unresolved issues has been identified and some ways of solving them have been outlined. The article also focuses on the issues of legal regulation of cybersecurity in Russia. The author states that cybersecurity in modern conditions is a complex multilevel system, ensuring optimal functioning of which can be achieved only by complex, systematic measures that give a synergistic effect. At the same time, the forensic aspects of cybersecurity must necessarily be proactive, defining technical, tactical and methodological issues of forensic cybersecurity.

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