Development of legal and technical regulation in the sphere of quantum communications

Subject. The article examines the latest changes in Russian legislation, reflecting the active processes of production and implementation of quantum communications industry products in the information security market, caused, among other things, by the adoption of the Concept of regulation of the quantum communications industry in the Russian Federation until 2030. The article presents an analysis of the state and direction of Russian legal regulation in the field of communications, as well as measures to support and stimulate the development of the quantum communications industry. The main problems and prospects for the development of technical regulation in the field of quantum communications, as well as the directions of its interaction with the legal regulation of this area, are identified. The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions and patterns of development of legal and technical regulation in the field of quantum communications in Russia. Methodology. The following methods were used: a combination of the dialectical method with the methods of formal logic, formal legal and comparative legal analysis. A legal and technical method was also used, which allows identifying the main promising areas of interaction between legal and technical regulation of relations in the field of quantum communications. Main results. It has been established that the legal regulation of quantum communications by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of communications should be carried out through the creation of a legal mechanism for testing, trial operation and implementation of technologies without excessive administrative procedures while ensuring the necessary level of security and controllability by government agencies. Experimental legal regimes in the field of digital innovations can become a legal means for creating such a mechanism. Measures to support the quantum communications industry and their promising areas of development have been identified and analyzed. It has been established that regulatory and technical regulation actually determines the main vectors of development of the quantum communications industry in Russia and in the world. The main measures necessary for the development of regulatory and technical regulation of quantum communications in Russia have been analyzed. Conclusions. To integrate quantum communications into the unified telecommunication network of the Russian Federation, the need has been substantiated and the adoption of a number of regulatory legal acts has been proposed. The development of quantum communications technologies requires special state support for the implementation and application of experimental legal regimes in the field of digital and technological innovations, including special programs, the development of public-private partnerships, regional and special sites. The experience of foreign and international standardization in the field of quantum communications shows that the quantum Internet of Things is a promising technology, the development of which in Russia is only being discussed. In the Russian Federation, there are already quantum communication lines, but there are no permanent standards, which is a significant constraint in the development of the corresponding regulatory framework. To ensure the reliability, authenticity, security and interoperability of solutions in the field of quantum communications, it is necessary to bring the regulatory and technical regulation in this area to uniformity, taking into account existing international standards, the experience of foreign countries and the level of development of domestic technologies.

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