Risks of application and prospects of legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of municipal administration

The subject of the research is the norms of Russian law governing the sphere of municipal government, Russian and foreign doctrinal sources devoted to the application of artificial intelligence technologies at the municipal level.

The purpose of the study is to identify the risks and prospects of legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies in municipal government.

Methods. The work used general scientific methods, including abstraction and modeling, analysis and synthesis, analogy, deduction and induction, as well as private scientific methods: formal-legal and comparative-practical. The main results.

The main problems associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence into the municipal management process were identified – excessive bureaucratization, personnel, corruption and infrastructure risks, proposals were made to minimize and overcome them, and prospects for the development of municipal management in the context of digital transformation through AI were assessed.

Conclusions. The use of artificial intelligence leads to significant changes in the functioning of municipal authorities in various spheres of public life, including the economic one. New opportunities are emerging to optimize resource management and business support processes, provided the right approach is taken to information protection and staff training. We believe that we should not rush to introduce AI into the processes of providing municipal services to the public, since AI does not have emotional intelligence and cannot take into account interpersonal relationships and emotions, which play an important role both in politics and in interpersonal relationships, including those prevailing in the management environment. This may affect the effectiveness of the decisions made. In addition, making decisions related to human rights, social justice, and other ethical issues requires deep moral reasoning, which AI currently cannot provide. It is premature to talk about full automation of management.

It is concluded that it is necessary to train specialists who are able to professionally configure and use AI for each specific region, city, and other locality with specific economic, geographical, cultural, social, ethnographic, climatic, political, and other features. In general, some aspects of the management of state and municipal affairs can be entrusted, such as data collection and analysis, forecasting and planning, but the final decisions must be made by the individual himself. In order to successfully implement artificial intelligence and neural networks in the management of state and municipal affairs, it is necessary to have the appropriate knowledge and skills. The introduction of artificial intelligence into municipal government allows not only to speed up work, but also to some extent solve the problem of the shortage of qualified specialists in the field.

1. Kostyukov A.N., Cherepanova T.S. The impact of digital transformation on the constitutional and legal foun dations of the Russian Federation. Pravoprimenenie = Law Enforcement Review, 2023, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 25–32. DOI: 10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(1).25-32.

2. Karatueva E.N. Artificial intelligence in municipal management: international experience and application op portunities in Russia. Sotsial’no-politicheskie nauki = Sociopolitical sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 15–20. (In Russ.).

3. Koybaev B., Zoloeva Z. Some aspects of administrative-legal regulation of activity of executive power bodies in the digital reality. Gumanitarnye i yuridicheskie issledovaniya = Humanities and law research, 2020, no. 1, pp. 119 124. (In Russ.).

4. Kaesmayr J., Schorn M., Steidle A. Acceleration Factor Pandemic: A Synthesis of e-Government Maturity Models and Public Administration Employees' Perspective. Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days, 2022, vol. 341, pp. 19–32. DOI: 10.24989/ocg.v341.1.

5. Kuzmin D.I. Artificial intelligence in municipal management: vectors of development, in: Prikladnye tsifrovye tekhnologii i sistemy XXI veka: ekonomika, menedzhment, upravlenie personalom, informatsionnaya bezopasnost’, pravo, Materials of the II Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference (Vladimir, December 16, 2022), Vladimir, Vladimir branch of the RANEPA Publ., 2023, pp. 59–64. (In Russ.).

6. Vardhan V., Vijaya G.S. Smart Cities, Cleaner Tomorrow: AI-Powered Waste Solutions for Sustainable Urban Living. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 2046–2065. DOI: 10.55248/gengpi.5.0424.0952.

7. Ponomareva K. Comparative Analysis of Imposing Digital Services Taxes in Different Countries. Pravo. Zhur nal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2023, no. 4, pp. 334–356. DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2023.4.334.356. (In Russ.).

8. Kasyanov S.V. Digital transformation as the new driver improve the efficiency in the system of state and municipal management. Regional’nye problemy preobrazovaniya ekonomiki = Regional problems of transforming the economy, 2019, no. 9 (107), pp. 5–12. (In Russ.).

9. Kostyukov A.N., Burtseva S.S. The general principles of the organization of local self-government: from the European Charter of Local Self-Government to amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. Publichno-pravovoe obozrenie = Public law review, 2023, no. 2, pp. 20–29. (In Russ.).

10. Titova A.I. Electronic government in Russia and abroad, in: Gerasimov V.I. (ed.). Rossiya: tendentsii i per spektivy razvitiya, Annual, Moscow, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2018, iss. 13, pt. 1, pp. 410–415. (In Russ.).

11. Melnikov I.N., Samakov I.A. Topical issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the implementation of state and municipal service in the Russian Federation. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2021, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 160–163. (In Russ.).

12. Isakov V.B. The legal status of robots endowed with artificial intelligence: objects or subjects?, in: Stroev V.V., Pashentsev D.A., Ladnushkina N.M. (eds.). Pravo i prava cheloveka v sovremennom mire: tendentsii, riski, perspektivy razvitiya, Materials of the All-Russian scientific conference dedicated to the memory of Professor F.M. Rudinsky (Moscow, April 15, 2021), Moscow, Saratovskii istochnik Publ., 2021, pp. 103–106. (In Russ.).

13. Ncamphalala M., Vyas-Doorgapersad S. The role of information and communication technology (ICT) on the transformation of municipalities into smart cities for improved service delivery. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 2022, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 318–328. DOI: 10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1593.

14. Hakim L., Puspa Wulandari J., Khadafi M.P., Yustati H. Development of Digital MSMEs in Facing the Era of Digitalization in the Bengkulu City Area. SEMB-J: Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal, 2023, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 59–63. DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v4i3.1130.

15. Sundyukov I.S., Martynyuk I.N., Semenova I.A. Digital transformation as a factor of increasing the economic efficiency of organizations, in: Radygin S.V. (ed.). Tekhnologicheskoe predprinimatel'stvo: trendy i perspektivy razvitiya = Technological entrepreneurship: trends and development prospects, Collection of materials of the Inter national scientific and practical conference (Izhevsk, May 18, 2023), Izhevsk, Udmurt State University Publ., 2023, pp. 156–163. (In Russ.).

16. Vasilevich G.A. Digital technologies as a means of improving the efficiency of public administration, in: Sovershenstvovanie mekhanizma gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v usloviyakh tsifrovizatsii obshchestva i gosudar stva, Materials of the international scientific round table (Minsk, September 29, 2023), Minsk, Belarusian State Uni versity Publ., 2023, pp. 14–20. (In Russ.).

17. Senashova M.Yu. The methods of error estimations of signals in neural networks. Vychislitel'nye tekhnologii = Computational technologies, 2000, no. 3, pp. 83–109. (In Russ.).

18. Shibalina T.P., Medvedeva N.V. The role of artificial intelligence in the system of state and municipal gov ernment: assessment by the population. Sotsial’naya politika i sotsiologiya = Social Policy and Sociology, 2023, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 53–60. (In Russ.).

19. Damaskin O.V. Relevant criminological aspects of combating crime in the contemporary digital community: challenges and prospects. Trudy Instituta gosudarstva i prava RAN = Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS, 2021, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 70–93. DOI: 10.35427/2073-4522-2021-16-1-damaskin. (In Russ.).

20. Rieder E., Schmuck M., Tugui A. A Scientific Perspective on Using Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Urban Development. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 2023, vol. 7, iss. 1, art. 3. DOI: 10.3390/bdcc7010003.

21. Avakyan S.A. The concept of public power, in: Publichnaya sluzhba: pravovoi i upravlencheskii aspekty, Materials based on the results of scientific and practical conference with international participation (Yekaterinburg, April 15-16, 2021), Yekaterinburg, Ural State Law University Publ., 2021, pp. 5–9. (In Russ.).

22. Tkachuk P.Yu. To the question of the development logic of the Lugansk People's Republic unified digital socio-economic platform. Vesti Avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo instituta = Bulletin of the Automobile and Highway Insti tute, 2021, no. 1 (36), pp. 135–145. (In Russ.).

23. Demin A.V., Rybalchenko I.V. Managerial techniques of using neural networks as the newest paradigm of actions of a modern manager. Munitsipal’naya akademiya, 2022, no. 4. pp. 21–30. DOI: 10.52176/2304831X_2022_04_21. (In Russ.).

24. Zapol'skii S., Isakov V. New topical grounds for modernisation in the sphere of information technology law. Pravovaya informatika = Legal informatics, 2023, no. 1, pp. 4–14. (In Russ.).

25. Ryabov A.V. About contradictions and historical forks of the transition to a digital society. Politiya: Analiz. Khronika. Prognoz = Politeia, 2022, no. 4 (107), pp. 23–39. DOI: 10.30570/2078-5089-2022-107-4-23-39. (In Russ.).