Approaches to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence application in law enforcement
https://doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2025.9(4).15-25
Abstract
The article considers the Eastern (People's Republic of China) and Western (USA, European countries) approaches to the legal regulation of relations related to the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement. The subject of the study is the relations arising in the process of such regulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in the process of collecting information about citizens, its processing and taking into account the decisions prepared by AI for law enforcement officials. The methodological basis of the study is logical and systematic methods of scientific cognition, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis of legal phenomena. Foreign and domestic experience of legal regulation is studied. Special attention is paid to the need to ensure the protection of citizens' rights in the process of collecting information about them, its processing and taking into account the decisions prepared by artificial intelligence for law enforcement officials. It is pointed out that the peculiarities of legal regulation in this sphere of life activity of society are conditioned by the correctness of conclusions formulated by artificial intelligence, as well as the competence of algorithm developers and persons carrying out its training. Legal regulation of the relevant relations is considered through the prism of the results of law enforcement. The Eastern approach assumes the assessment of the actions of individuals by a number of parameters, taking into account which their trustworthiness index is determined, implying the assignment of a personal id to them personal identification code (social rating). The Western approach is that the United States and Western states actively using digital control tools based on AI technologies in the field of law enforcement do not inform the population about the total surveillance of people. It is noted that at present the regulation of this sphere in the Russian Federation is more oriented to the Western approach. At the same time, at the national level there is no mechanism of legal regulation on the consequences of actions of a person in the field of law enforcement. Attention is drawn to the fact that while in China for “unreliable” persons only a number of restrictions are imposed on their movement (use of airplanes and trains), occupation (prohibition to hold managerial positions in certain areas), obtaining financial services (refusal to issue loans), in the United States such persons are placed without trial in secret prisons, where they are tortured. It is concluded that taking into account this circumstance requires the creation in the Russian Federation of a legal mechanism for appealing decisions taken by law enforcement officials on the basis of recommendations developed by artificial intelligence, by developing and adopting norms of law to prevent the use of its potential for purposes incompatible with the goals of law enforcement. This implies the need to develop a system of theoretical ideas about the most rational forms and methods of legal regulation in considering.
About the Authors
O. A. Stepanov
Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Россия
Россия
Оleg A. Stepanov – Doctor of Law, Professor; Chief Researcher, Centre of Judicial Law
34, B. Cheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117218
ResearcherID: O-9771-2019
Scopus AuthorID: 57208665632
AuthorID: 655914
M. M. Stepanov
Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Россия
Россия
Mikhail М. Stepanov – PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Leading Researcher, Department of Theory of Law and Interdisciplinary Research of Legislation
34, B. Cheremushkinskaya ul., Moscow, 117218
ResearcherID: AAX-2549-2020
Scopus AuthorID: 57215415345
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For citations:
Stepanov O.A., Stepanov M.M. Approaches to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence application in law enforcement. Law Enforcement Review. 2025;9(4):15-25. https://doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2025.9(4).15-25
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